Immune Netw.
2019 Aug;19(4):e23. 10.4110/in.2019.19.e23.
Adenosine Blockage in Tumor Microenvironment and Improvement of Cancer Immunotherapy
- Affiliations
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- 1Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- 2Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Science, Semnan, Iran.
- 3Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hajatij@sina.tums.ac.ir
- KMID: 2455933
- DOI: http://doi.org/10.4110/in.2019.19.e23
Abstract
- Immunotherapy has been introduced into cancer treatment methods, but different problems have restricted the efficacy of these protocols in clinical trials such as the presence of various immunomodulatory factors in the tumor microenvironment. Adenosine is an immunosuppressive metabolite produced by the tumor to promote growth, invasion, metastasis, and immune evasion. Many studies about adenosine and its metabolism in cancer have heightened interest in pursuing this treatment approach. It seems that targeting the adenosine pathway in combination with immunotherapy may lead to efficient antitumor response. In this review, we provide information on the roles of both adenosine and CD73 in the immune system and tumor development. We also describe recent studies about combination therapy with both purinergic inhibitors and other immunotherapeutic methods.
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