Urogenit Tract Infect.  2019 Apr;14(1):1-8. 10.14777/uti.2019.14.1.1.

Recommendations for Antibacterial Prophylaxis in Endourological Procedures

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Urology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea.
  • 2Department of Urology, Severance Hospital, Urological Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea. joouro@yuhs.ac

Abstract

This review discusses the evidence and newly identified findings of antibiotic prophylaxis in endourological procedures based on recently published studies. Endoscopic procedures and surgeries are performed widely to treat a variety of urologic diseases. The panel of European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on UTIs decided not to make recommendations for specific agents for particular procedures because there are considerable variations in Europe and worldwide regarding bacterial pathogens, their susceptibility, and the availability of antibiotic agents in 2018. In the EAU guidelines, antimicrobial prophylactic therapies cannot decrease the rate of symptomatic UTI in several procedures, including cystoscopy and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis can be helpful in all patients undergoing endourological treatment, including ureteroscopic surgery and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Because the urological practice is a part of the surgery, most urological treatment can be performed mainly by surgery. The prevention of surgical infections in each surgical field is a critical issue, but the evidence and number of guidelines are limited.

Keyword

Urinary tract infections; Urology; Endoscopy; Urinary calculi; Cystoscopy

MeSH Terms

Antibiotic Prophylaxis
Cystoscopy
Endoscopy
Europe
Humans
Lithotripsy
Nephrostomy, Percutaneous
Shock
Ureteroscopy
Urinary Calculi
Urinary Tract Infections
Urologic Diseases
Urology

Reference

References

1. Cornu JN, Herrmann T, Traxer O, Matlaga B. Prevention and management following complications from endourology procedures. Eur Urol Focus. 2016; 2:49–59.
Article
2. Herrmann TR, Liatsikos EN, Nagele U, Traxer O, Merseburger AS. EAU Guidelines Panel on Lasers, Technologies. EAU guidelines on laser technologies. Eur Urol. 2012; 61:783–95.
Article
3. Oelke M, Bachmann A, Descazeaud A, Emberton M, Gravas S, Michel MC, et al. European Association of Urology. EAU guidelines on the treatment and follow-up of non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms including benign prostatic obstruction. Eur Urol. 2013; 64:118–40.
Article
4. Turk C, Petrik A, Sarica K, Seitz C, Skolarikos A, Straub M, et al. EAU guidelines on interventional treatment for urolithiasis. Eur Urol. 2016; 69:475–82.
5. Babjuk M, Bohle A, Burger M, Capoun O, Cohen D, Comperat EM, et al. EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: update 2016. Eur Urol. 2017; 71:447–61.
Article
6. Dasgupta R, Grabe M. Preoperative antibiotics before endo-urologic surgery: current recommendations. J Endourol. 2009; 23:1567–70.
Article
7. Jung HD, Kim JC, Ahn HK, Kwon JH, Han K, Han WK, et al. Realtime simultaneous endoscopic combined intrarenal surgery with intermediate-supine position: washout mechanism and transport technique. Investig Clin Urol. 2018; 59:348–54.
Article
8. Knopf HJ, Graff HJ, Schulze H. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis in ureteroscopic stone removal. Eur Urol. 2003; 44:115–8.
Article
9. Draga RO, Kok ET, Sorel MR, Bosch RJ, Lock TM. Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: factors associated with fever after the first postoperative day and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Endourol. 2009; 23:921–7.
Article
10. Eswara JR, Shariftabrizi A, Sacco D. Positive stone culture is associated with a higher rate of sepsis after endourological procedures. Urolithiasis. 2013; 41:411–4.
Article
11. Lawson KA, Rudzinski JK, Vicas I, Carlson KV. Assessment of antibiotic prophylaxis prescribing patterns for TURP: a need for Canadian guidelines? Can Urol Assoc J. 2013; 7:E530–6.
Article
12. Tanner J, Dumville JC, Norman G, Fortnam M. Surgical hand antisepsis to reduce surgical site infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016; 1:CD004288.
Article
13. Assimos D, Krambeck A, Miller NL, Monga M, Murad MH, Nelson CP, et al. Surgical management of stones: American Urological Association/Endourological Society guideline, part I. J Urol. 2016; 196:1153–60.
Article
14. Assimos D, Krambeck A, Miller NL, Monga M, Murad MH, Nelson CP, et al. Surgical management of stones: American Urological Association/Endourological Society guideline, part II. J Urol. 2016; 196:1161–9.
Article
15. Gupta K, Hooton TM, Naber KG, Wullt B, Colgan R, Miller LG, et al. International clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis and pyelonephritis in women: a 2010 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the European Society for Microbiology and Infectious Diseases. Clin Infect Dis. 2011; 52:e103–20.
Article
16. Hooton TM, Bradley SF, Cardenas DD, Colgan R, Geerlings SE, Rice JC, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of catheter-associated urinary tract infection in adults: 2009 international clinical practice guidelines from the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2010; 50:625–63.
Article
17. Matsumoto T, Kiyota H, Matsukawa M, Yasuda M, Arakawa S, Monden K. Japanese Society of UTI Cooperative Study Group (Chairman; Tetsuro Matsumoto). Japanese guidelines for prevention of perioperative infections in urological field. Int J Urol. 2007; 14:890–909.
Article
18. Carey MM, Zreik A, Fenn NJ, Chlosta PL, Aboumarzouk OM. Should we use antibiotic prophylaxis for flexible cystoscopy? A systematic review and metaanalysis. Urol Int. 2015; 95:249–59.
Article
19. Garcia-Perdomo HA, Jimenez-Mejias E, Lopez-Ramos H. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in cystoscopy to prevent urinary tract infection: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Int Braz J Urol. 2015; 41:412–24. ; discussion 424.
20. Cam K, Kayikci A, Erol A. Prospective evaluation of the efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis before cystoscopy. Indian J Urol. 2009; 25:203–6.
Article
21. Garcia-Perdomo HA, Lopez H, Carbonell J, Castillo D, Catano JG, Seron P. Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in patients undergoing cystoscopy: a randomized clinical trial. World J Urol. 2013; 31:1433–9.
Article
22. Rane A, Cahill D, Saleemi A, Montgomery B, Palfrey E. The issue of prophylactic antibiotics prior to flexible cystoscopy. Eur Urol. 2001; 39:212–4.
23. Mrkobrada M, Ying I, Mokrycke S, Dresser G, Elsayed S, Bathini V, et al. CUA guidelines on antibiotic prophylaxis for urologic procedures. Can Urol Assoc J. 2015; 9:13–22.
Article
24. Berry A, Barratt A. Prophylactic antibiotic use in transurethral prostatic resection: a metaanalysis. J Urol. 2002; 167:571–7.
25. Qiang W, Jianchen W, MacDonald R, Monga M, Wilt TJ. Antibiotic prophylaxis for transurethral prostatic resection in men with preoperative urine containing less than 100,000 bacteria per ml: a systematic review. J Urol. 2005; 173:1175–81.
Article
26. Yokoyama M, Fujii Y, Yoshida S, Saito K, Koga F, Masuda H, et al. Discarding antimicrobial prophylaxis for transurethral resection of bladder tumor: a feasibility study. Int J Urol. 2009; 16:61–3.
Article
27. Janknegt RA. Prophylaxis in urological surgery. Infection. 1992; 20(Suppl 3):S213–6. ; discussion S217–20, S224.
Article
28. Westenfelder M, Rosset K, Pelz K. Development of nosocomial and iatrogenic urinary tract infections (UTI) following urolo-gical interventions. A prospective clinical study. Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 1987; 104:59–63.
29. Bootsma AM, Laguna Pes MP, Geerlings SE, Goossens A. Antibiotic prophylaxis in urologic procedures: a systematic review. Eur Urol. 2008; 54:1270–86.
Article
30. Delavierre D, Huiban B, Fournier G, Le Gall G, Tande D, Mangin P. [The value of antibiotic prophylaxis in transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Apropos of 61 cases]. Prog Urol. 1993; 3:577–82. French.
31. MacDermott JP, Ewing RE, Somerville JF, Gray BK. Cephradine prophylaxis in transurethral procedures for carcinoma of the bladder. Br J Urol. 1988; 62:136–9.
Article
32. Appell RA, Flynn JT, Paris AM, Blandy JP. Occult bacterial colonization of bladder tumors. J Urol. 1980; 124:345–6.
Article
33. Chung DY, Cho KS, Lee DH, Han JH, Kang DH, Jung HD, et al. Impact of colic pain as a significant factor for predicting the stone free rate of one-session shock wave lithotripsy for treating ureter stones: a Bayesian logistic regression model analysis. PLoS One. 2015; 10:e0123800.
Article
34. Lu Y, Tianyong F, Ping H, Liangren L, Haichao Y, Qiang W. Antibiotic prophylaxis for shock wave lithotripsy in patients with sterile urine before treatment may be unnecessary: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Urol. 2012; 188:441–8.
Article
35. Hsieh CH, Yang SS, Chang SJ. The effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics with oral levofloxacin against post-shock wave lithotripsy infectious complications: a randomized controlled trial. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2016; 17:346–51.
Article
36. Fujita K, Mizuno T, Ushiyama T, Suzuki K, Hadano S, Satoh S, et al. Complicating risk factors for pyelonephritis after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. Int J Urol. 2000; 7:224–30.
Article
37. Shigeta M, Yamasaki A, Hayashi M. [A clinical study on upper urinary tract calculi treated with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) monotherapy, with regard to bacteriuria before ESWL treatment]. Jpn J Urol. 1993; 84:866–72. Japanese.
Article
38. Dincel C, Ozdiler E, Ozenci H, Tazici N, Kosar A. Incidence of urinary tract infection in patients without bacteriuria undergoing SWL: comparison of stone types. J Endourol. 1998; 12:1–3.
39. Honey RJ, Ordon M, Ghiculete D, Wiesenthal JD, Kodama R, Pace KT. A prospective study examining the incidence of bacteriuria and urinary tract infection after shock wave lithotripsy with targeted antibiotic prophylaxis. J Urol. 2013; 189:2112–7.
40. Fourcade RO. Antibiotic prophylaxis with cefotaxime in endoscopic extraction of upper urinary tract stones: a randomized study. The cefotaxime cooperative group. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1990; 26(Suppl A)::77–83.
41. Lo CW, Yang SS, Hsieh CH, Chang SJ. Effectiveness of prophylactic antibiotics against post-ureteroscopic lithotripsy infections: systematic review and metaanalysis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2015; 16:415–20.
Article
42. Mariappan P, Smith G, Bariol SV, Moussa SA, Tolley DA. Stone and pelvic urine culture and sensitivity are better than bladder urine as predictors of urosepsis following percutaneous nephrolithotomy: a prospective clinical study. J Urol. 2005; 173:1610–4.
Article
43. Kang SK, Cho KS, Kang DH, Jung HD, Kwon JK, Lee JY. Systematic review and metaanalysis to compare success rates of retrograde intrarenal surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones >2 cm: an update. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017; 96:e9119.
44. Seyrek M, Binbay M, Yuruk E, Akman T, Aslan R, Yazici O, et al. Perioperative prophylaxis for percutaneous nephrolithotomy: randomized study concerning the drug and dosage. J Endourol. 2012; 26:1431–6.
Article
45. Tuzel E, Aktepe OC, Akdogan B. Prospective comparative study of two protocols of antibiotic prophylaxis in percutaneous nephrolithotomy. J Endourol. 2013; 27:172–6.
Article
Full Text Links
  • UTI
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr