Child Health Nurs Res.  2016 Oct;22(4):317-325. 10.4094/chnr.2016.22.4.317.

Critical Discussion on Smoking During Pregnancy as a Form of Fetal Abuse: An Approach to Advocate for Fetal Right to Life

• Kim Y
• Cho KC

• KMID: 2444901
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4094/chnr.2016.22.4.317

Abstract

PURPOSE
Smoking during pregnancy contributes to the risk of negative health outcomes in mothers and babies. The purposes of this study were to review the harmful effects of maternal smoking during pregnancy on fetal and child development, to discuss if maternal smoking should be criminalized as a form of child abuse, and to explore advocating for fetal rights.
METHODS
A variety of published literature and legal documents including the Korean constitution, criminal laws, and children's welfare laws were reviewed and critically analyzed.
RESULTS
Women who smoke during pregnancy are more likely to experience abortion related to placental dysfunction. Their unborn risk premature birth, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, neurobehavioral disturbances, and/or other complications and newborn babies are also at risk for complications. The advocates for fetal rights can assert that maternal smoking should be regarded as a crime.
CONCLUSION
Findings show that maternal smoking during pregnancy is a major risk factor for many adverse pregnancy outcomes. Effective strategies and health policies for smoking cessation during pregnancy are required to protect pregnant women and their babies.

Keyword

Smoking; Pregnancy; Fetal abuse; Advocacy

MeSH Terms

Child
Child Abuse
Child Development
Constitution and Bylaws
Crime
Criminal Law
Female
Fetal Development
Health Policy
Humans
Infant, Low Birth Weight
Infant, Newborn
Jurisprudence
Mothers
Pregnancy Outcome
Pregnancy*
Pregnant Women
Premature Birth
Risk Factors
Smoke*
Smoking Cessation
Smoking*
Value of Life*
Smoke