Dement Neurocogn Disord.  2014 Dec;13(4):107-111. 10.12779/dnd.2014.13.4.107.

The Effect of Group Musical Therapy on Depression and Activities on Daily Living in Patients with Cognitive Decline

• Han HJ
• Son SJ
• Ha J
• Lee JH
• Kim SA
• Lee SY

• KMID: 2443074
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.12779/dnd.2014.13.4.107

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Beside pharmacological treatment, non-pharmacological interventions are a great deal of interest resides on ways that allow modulation of brain plasticity in the elderly. Music therapy is a potential non-pharmacological treatment for the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia, but a few studies reported it to be helpful. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of structured musical intervention therapy in patient with cognitive decline.
METHODS
The subjects of the study were a total of fifty elderly with cognitive decline (K-MMSE: 21+/-3.99, CDR: 0.80+/-0.38). The musical therapy was applied to the group twice a week, fifty minutes per session for eight weeks. The data were analyzed by using chi-square and paired t-test before and after musical intervention.
RESULTS
The study showed a significant reduction in depression and anxiety after musical therapy measured with short form-GDS and BDI (p<0.001). Activities daily living (ADL) markedly improved after the all session of musical interventions (p<0.001).
CONCLUSION
Group music therapy is a safe and effective method for treating depression and anxiety, and also improving ADL in patients with cognitive decline.

Keyword

Music therapy; Mild cognitive impairment; Alzheimer's disease

MeSH Terms

Activities of Daily Living
Aged
Alzheimer Disease
Anxiety
Brain
Dementia
Depression*
Humans
Mild Cognitive Impairment
Music Therapy
Music*
Plastics
Plastics

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The neuropsychological results after musical intervention in patients with cognitive decline. (*p<0.001) GDS, geriatric depression scale; BAI, Beck anxiety inventory; S-IADL, Seoul-instrumental activities daily living.

Reference

1. Wino A, Jonsson L, Bond J, Prince M, Windbald B. The worldwide economic impact of dementia. Alzheimers Dement. 2013; 9:1–11.

2. Ritchie CW, Ames D, Clayton T, Lai R. Metaanalysis of randomized trials of the efficacy and safety of donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Am J Geriatr psychiatry. 2004; 12:358–368.

3. Reisberg B, Doody R, Stoffler A, Schmitt F, Ferris S, Mobius HJ. Memantine study group. Memantine in moderate-severe Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med. 2006; 348:1333–1341.

4. Schecker M, Pimay-Dummer P, Schmidtke K, Hentrich-Hesse T, Borchardt D. Cognitive interventions in mild Alzheimer's disease: a therapy-evaluation study on the intervention of medication and cognitive treatment. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2013; 24:301–311.

5. Chancellor B, Duncan A, Chatterjee A. Art therapy for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias. J Alzheimers Dis. 2014; 38:359–369.

6. Vasionyte I, Madison G. Musical intervention for patients with dementia: a meta-analysis. J Clin Nurs. 2013; 22:1203–1216.

7. Shim HM, Chung SH. The effect of music therapy on cognitive function, behavioral and emotion of dementia elderly. J Korean Acad Adult Nurs. 2001; 13:591–600.

8. Brotons M, Koger SM, Pickett-Cooper P. Music and dementias: a review of literature. Jr Music Ther. 1997; 34:204–245.

9. Chu H, Yang CY, Lin Y, Ou KL, Lee TY, O'Brien AP, et al. The impact of group music therapy on depression and cognition in elderly persons with dementia: a randomized controlled study. Biol Res Nurs. 2014; 16:209–217.

10. Petersen RC, Doody R, Kurz A, Mohs RC, Morris JC, Rabins PV, et al. Current concepts in mild cognitive disorder. Arch Neurol. 2001; 58:1985–1992.

11. McKhann G, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadian EM. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA work group under the auspices of department of health and human services task force on Alzheimer's disease. Neurology. 1984; 34:6.

12. Jc M. Clinical dementia rating: a reliable and valid diagnostic and staging measure for dementia of the Alzheimer type. Int Psychogeriatr. 1997; 9:4.

13. Kang YW, Na DL. Seoul neuropsychological screening battery. Incheon: Human Brain Research & Consulting Co.;2003.

14. Kang Y. A normative study of the Korean-Mini State Examination (K-MMSE) in the elderly. Korean J Psychol. 2006; 25:12.

15. Yesavage JA, Brink TL, Rose TL. Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report. J Psychiatr Res. 1982; 17(1):37–49.

16. Beck AT, Epstein N, Brown G, Steer RA. An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: psychometric properties. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1988; 56:893–897.

17. Ku HM, Kim JH, Kwon EJ, Kim SH, Lee HS, Ko HJ, et al. A study on the reliability and validity of Seoul-instrumental activities of daily living (S-IADL). J Korean Neuropsychiatr Assoc. 2004; 43:189–199.

18. Hong YG, Kang YS. The effect of music therapy on cognitive function and behavioral problems in dementia elderly. J Korean Gerontol Nurs. 2009; 11:5–15.

19. Lee YM, Park NH. The effect of dementia prevention program on cognition, depression, self-esteem and quality of life in the elderly with mild cognitive disorder. J Korean Acad Adults Nurs. 2007; 19:787–796.

20. Kosteniuk JG, Morgan DG, O'Connell ME, Crossley M, Kirk A, Stewart NJ, et al. Prevalence and covariates of elevated depressive symptoms in rural memory clinic patients with mild cognitive impairment or dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra. 2014; 4:209–220.

21. Steffens DC, McQuoid DR, Potter GG. Amnestic mild cognitive impairment and incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease in geriatric depression. Int Psychogeriatr. 2014; 26:2029–2036.

22. Han P, Kwan M, Chen D, Yusoff SZ, Chio HL, Goh J, et al. A controlled naturalistic study on a weekly music therapy and activity program on disruptive and depressive behaviors in dementia. Dement Geriatr Cog Dis. 2010; 30:540–546.

23. Ziv N, Granot A, Hai S, Dassa A, Haimov I. The effect of background simulative music on behavior in Alzheimer's patients. J Music Ther. 2007; 44:329–343.

24. Svansdottir HB, Snaedal J. Music therapy in moderate and severe dementia of Alzheimer's type: a case-control study. Int Psychogeriatr. 2006; 18:613–621.

25. Raglio A, Oasi O, Gianotti M, Manzoni V, Bolis S, Ubezio Mc, et al. Effects of music therapy on psychological symptoms and heart rate variability in patients with dementia. A pilot study. Current Aging Science. 2010; 3:242–246.

26. Okada K, Kurita A, Takese B, Otsuka T, Kadani E, Kusama Y, et al. Effects of music therapy on autonomic nervous system activity, incidence of heart failure events, and plasma cytokine and catecholamine levels in elderly patients with cerebravascular disease and dementia. Inter Heart Jr. 2009; 50:95–110.

27. Suzuki M, Kanamori M, Nagasawa S, Takayuki S. Music therapy induced changes in behavioral evaluations, and saliva chromogranin A and immunoglobulin A concentrations in elderly patients with senile dementia. Geriatr Geronto Inter. 2007; 7:61–71.