Ann Surg Treat Res.  2019 Apr;96(4):162-168. 10.4174/astr.2019.96.4.162.

Biocompatibility of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) in cervical structures of rats: prospective in vivo study

• Suh YJ
• Yu HW
• Kim SJ
• Choe JY
• Park HJ
• Choi JY
• Lee KE

• KMID: 2442210
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4174/astr.2019.96.4.162

Abstract

PURPOSE
We investigated the biocompatibility of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) in the cervical deep tissues of rats to assess its biocompatibility.
METHODS
A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with NBCA. After 30, 90, 180, and 360 days, cubes of tissue (1 cm × 1 cm × 1 cm) surrounding the NBCA and normal tissue from the other side of the neck were excised from each rat. The adhesion of NBCA to adjacent structures was examined histologically. Cells were counted per high-power field (HPF), and fibrosis was graded with the measurement of fibrotic thickening.
RESULTS
All animals displayed normal behavior without any symptoms of distress throughout the study. There was no recognizable inflammatory reaction, foreign body reaction, or fibrosis in the 30 control samples. The analyses of experimental samples showed significantly decreased inflammatory cell counts over time (lymphoplasma cell count decreased from 100 (range, 70-100) to 30 (range, 30-50) per HPF, P = 0.010; neutrophil count decreased from 2 (range, 2-30) to 0 (range, 0-2) per HPF, P = 0.017). However, there was no significant difference in the number of multinuclear giant cells throughout the study period (a decrease from 22 [range, 16-34] to 16 [range, 12-22] per HPF, P = 0.287). The level of fibrosis was Common Toxicity Criteria ver. 4.0 Grade 1 without further thickening (P = 0.600). However, maturation of fibrosis progressed gradually.
CONCLUSION
NBCA was biologically tolerable in the cervical deep tissues of rats. However, precautions are needed with respect to preventing a sustained foreign body reaction and fibrosis.

Keyword

Biocompatible materials; Cyanoacrylate; Chyle; Neck dissection

MeSH Terms

Animals
Biocompatible Materials
Cell Count
Chyle
Cyanoacrylates
Enbucrilate*
Fibrosis
Foreign-Body Reaction
Giant Cells
Neck
Neck Dissection
Neutrophils
Prospective Studies*
Rats*
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Biocompatible Materials
Cyanoacrylates
Enbucrilate

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Histology of experimental tissues was examined under a light microscope. (A–D) Normal control tissues were presented. (E–L) Black triangles indicated n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. (I–L) Connective tissue surrounding n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate was stained blue. H&E, hematoxylin and eosin; MT, Masson's trichrome (light microscopy, ×200).

• 

  Fig. 2 Time series plots of tissue reaction show the local histologic effects of n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate on a living tissue. Median values are connected by lines. Upper and lower whiskers represent their maximum and minimum values. (A) All animals exhibited normal weight gain. (B–D) Inflammation significantly decreased while the foreign body reaction remained stable over the 1-year observation period. (E) The level of fibrosis was Common Toxicity Criteria ver. 4.0 grade 1 during the entire study period without further thickening.

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