J Cardiovasc Imaging.  2019 Jan;27(1):50-63. 10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e4.

Differential Transcriptome Profile and Exercise Capacity in Cardiac Remodeling by Pressure Overload versus Volume Overload

• Kim KH
• Kim HM
• Park JS
• Kim YJ

• KMID: 2433765
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4250/jcvi.2019.27.e4

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We compared the gene expression profiles in the hypertrophied myocardium of rats subjected to pressure overload (PO) and volume overload (VO) using DNA chip technology, and compared the effects on exercise capacity with a treadmill test.
METHODS
Constriction of the abdominal aorta or mitral regurgitation induced by a hole in the mitral leaflet were used to induce PO (n = 19), VO (n = 16) or PO + VO (n = 20) in rats. Serial echocardiographic studies and exercise were performed at 2-week intervals, and invasive hemodynamic examination by a pressure-volume catheter system was performed 12 weeks after the procedure. The gene expression profiles of the left ventricle (LV) 12 weeks after the procedure were analyzed by DNA chip technology.
RESULTS
In hemodynamic analyses, the LV end-diastolic pressure and the end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship slope were greater in the PO group than in the VO group. When we compared LV remodeling and exercise capacity, cardiac fibrosis and exercise intolerance developed in the PO group but not in the VO group (exercise duration, 434.0 ± 80.3 vs. 497.8 ± 49.0 seconds, p < 0.05, respectively). Transcriptional profiling of cardiac apical tissues revealed that gene expression related to the inflammatory response and cellular signaling pathways were significantly enriched in the VO group, whereas cardiac fibrosis, cytoskeletal pathway and G-protein signaling genes were enriched in the PO group.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that many genes were regulated in PO, VO or both, and that there were different regulation patterns by cardiac remodeling. Cardiac fibrosis and cytoskeletal pathway were important pathways in the PO group and influenced exercise capacity. Cardiac fibrosis influences exercise capacity before LV function is reduced.

Keyword

Pressure overload; Volume overload; Cardiac fibrosis; Exercise capacity

MeSH Terms

Animals
Aorta, Abdominal
Catheters
Constriction
Echocardiography
Exercise Test
Fibrosis
Gene Expression
GTP-Binding Proteins
Heart Ventricles
Hemodynamics
Mitral Valve Insufficiency
Myocardium
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Rats
Transcriptome*
GTP-Binding Proteins

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Schematic illustration of experimental protocol. BP: blood pressure, Bwt: body weight, ECG: echocardiography, PO: pressure overload, PV: pressure-volume, wk: week.

• 

  Figure 2 Echocardiographic parameters of PO. IVS: interventricular septum, PO: pressure overload, wk: week. *p < 0.05.

• 

  Figure 3 (A) Echocardiographic parameters of PO combined with VO, and VO. (B) A representative image at 14 weeks after PO. IVS: interventricular septum, LV: left ventricular, PO: pressure overload, VO: volume overload, wk: week.

• 

  Figure 4 (A) Survival analysis. (B) Exercise capacity. MR: mitral regurgitation, PO: pressure overload, PO + VO: PO combined with VO, SAC: suprarenal aortic constriction, VO: volume overload, wk: week.

• 

  Figure 5 (A) A representative image of pressure and volume loop. (B) A representative image of histopathology. EDPVR: end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship, PO: pressure overload, PO + VO: PO combined with VO, VO: volume overload.

• 

  Figure 6 (A) The heat map of VO, PO and PO combined with VO. (B) Network of gene sets with significant enrichment scores. PO: pressure overload, PO + VO: PO combined with VO, VO: volume overload.

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