J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2018 Dec;48(6):373-382. 10.5051/jpis.2018.48.6.373.

Effects of various prophylactic procedures on titanium surfaces and biofilm formation

• Di Salle A
• Spagnuolo
• Conte R
• Procino A
• Peluso G
• Rengo C

• KMID: 2429865
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2018.48.6.373

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of various prophylactic treatments of titanium implants on bacterial biofilm formation, correlating surface modifications with the biofilms produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, Staphylococcus aureus, and bacteria isolated from saliva.
METHODS
Pure titanium disks were treated with various prophylactic procedures, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to determine the degree to which surface roughness was modified. To evaluate antibiofilm activity, we used P. aeruginosa PAO1, S. aureus, and saliva-isolated Streptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Staphylococcus epidermidis.
RESULTS
AFM showed that the surface roughness increased after using the air-polishing device and ultrasonic scaler, while a significant reduction was observed after using a curette or polishing with Detartrine ZTM (DZ) abrasive paste. In addition, we only observed a significant (P < 0.01) reduction in biofilm formation on the DZ-treated implant surfaces.
CONCLUSION
In this study, both AFM and antibiofilm analyses indicated that using DZ abrasive paste could be considered as the prophylactic procedure of choice for managing peri-implant lesions and for therapy-resistant cases of periodontitis.

Keyword

Bacterial biofilm; Peri-implant diseases; Prophylactic procedures; Titanium

MeSH Terms

Bacteria
Bacteroides fragilis
Biofilms*
Microscopy, Atomic Force
Periodontitis
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Saliva
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Streptococcus
Titanium*
Ultrasonics
Titanium

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Representative 3-dimensional atomic force microscopy images of the titanium disk surfaces. Control: pure titanium disk, DZ: abrasive paste for polishing (Detartrine ZTM) with a silicon rubber cup, ultrasonic scaler: ultrasonic scaler EMS with a conventional stainless-steel tip, curette: stainless-steel Gracey curette, air-polishing device: AIRFLOW® with glycine powder.

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