Korean J Radiol.  2017 Oct;18(5):835-843. 10.3348/kjr.2017.18.5.835.

Correlation between Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Derived Metrics and Serum Soluble CD40 Ligand Level in an Embolic Canine Stroke Model

• Xu XQ
• Wu CJ
• Lu SS
• Gao QQ
• Zu QQ
• Liu XL
• Shi HB
• Liu S

• KMID: 2427220
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3348/kjr.2017.18.5.835

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To determine the relationship between intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) imaging derived quantitative metrics and serum soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) level in an embolic canine stroke model.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A middle cerebral artery occlusion model was established in 24 beagle dogs. Experimental dogs were divided into low- and high-sCD40L group according to serum sCD40L level at 4.5 hours after establishing the model. IVIM imaging was scanned at 4.5 hours after model establishment using 10 b values ranging from 0 to 900 s/mm². Quantitative metrics diffusion coefficient (D), pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) of ischemic lesions were calculated. Quantitative metrics of ischemic lesions were normalized by contralateral hemisphere using the following formula: normalized D = D(stroke) / D(contralateral). Differences in IVIM metrics between the low- and high-sCD40L groups were compared using t test. Pearson's correlation analyses were performed to determine the relationship between IVIM metrics and serum sCD40L level.
RESULTS
The high-sCD40L group showed significantly lower f and normalized f values than the low-sCD40L group (f, p < 0.001; normalized f, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference in D*, normalized D*, D, or normalized D value between the two groups (All p > 0.05). Both f and normalized f values were negatively correlated with serum sCD40L level (f, r = −0.789, p < 0.001; normalized f, r = −0.823, p < 0.001). However, serum sCD40L level had no significant correlation with D*, normalized D*, D, or normalized D (All p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The f value derived from IVIM imaging was negatively correlated with serum sCD40L level. f value might serve as a potential imaging biomarker to assess the formation of microvascular thrombosis in hyperacute period of ischemic stroke.

Keyword

Stroke; Magnetic resonance imaging; Diffusion-weighted imaging; Intravoxel incoherent motion; IVIM; Experimental study

MeSH Terms

Animals
Brain/diagnostic imaging/*physiopathology
CD40 Ligand/*blood
*Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Disease Models, Animal
Dogs
Female
Male
Stroke/diagnostic imaging/*pathology
CD40 Ligand

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Box-and-whisker plots of IVIM metrics of stroke lesion and contralateral hemisphere at 4.5 hours after model establishment.Values of D (A) and f (B) of ischemic lesions were significantly lower than those of contralateral hemisphere at 4.5 hours after model establishment, while D* (C) values was not significantly different between ischemic lesions and contralateral hemisphere. D = diffusion coefficient, D* = pseudodiffusion coefficient, f = perfusion fraction, IVIM = intravoxel incoherent motion

• 

  Fig. 2 IVIM imaging derived parametric maps of representative beagle dog at 4.5 hours after model establishment.A. Hyperintensity stroke lesion can be recognized on coronal diffusion weighted image (b900 map). B, C. IVIM imaging derived D (B) and f map (C) show visual diffusion and perfusion changes (arrows) in stroke areas compared to those in contralateral hemisphere. D. There was no change in D* map. Corresponding f, D*, and D values of stroke lesions and contralateral normal hemisphere are: f, 0.047 and 0.047; D*, 17.890 × 10−3 and 15.022 × 10−3 mm2/s; D, 0.394 × 10−3 and 0.692 × 10−3 mm2/s. Serum sCD40L of this animal was at 68.59 ng/mL. sCD40L = soluble CD40 ligand

• 

  Fig. 3 Box-and-whisker plots of absolute (A-C) and normalized (D-F) IVIM metrics between low- and high-sCD40L groups at 4.5 hours after model establishment.High-sCD40L group showed significantly lower f (B) and normalized f (E) values than low-sCD40L group. However, there was no significant difference in D* (C), normalized D* (F), D (A), or normalized D (D) value between two groups.

• 

  Fig. 4 ROC curves using f and normalized f value to identify high-sCD40L group.ROC = receiver operating characteristic

• 

  Fig. 5 Scatter plots showing correlation between IVIM metrics and serum sCD40L level at 4.5 hours after model establishment.f (B) and normalized f (E) values were negatively correlated with serum sCD40L level, whereas D (A), normalized D (D), D* (C), and normalized D* (F) values did not have any significant correlation with serum sCD40L level.

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