Clin Orthop Surg.  2018 Dec;10(4):484-490. 10.4055/cios.2018.10.4.484.

Repeatability of a Multi-segment Foot Model with a 15-Marker Set in Normal Children

• Kim EJ
• Shin HS
• Lee JH
• Kyung MG
• Yoo HJ
• Yoo WJ
• Lee DY

• KMID: 2426535
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4055/cios.2018.10.4.484

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The use of three-dimensional multi-segment foot models (3D MFMs) is increasing since they have superior ability to illustrate the effect of foot and ankle pathologies on intersegmental motion of the foot compared to single-segment foot model gait analysis. However, validation of the repeatability of the 3D MFMs is important for their clinical use. Although many MFMs have been validated in normal adults, research on MFM repeatability in children is lacking. The purpose of this study is to validate the intrasession, intersession, and interrater repeatability of an MFM with a 15-marker set (DuPont foot model) in healthy children.
METHODS
The study included 20 feet of 20 healthy children (10 boys and 10 girls). We divided the participants into two groups of 10 each. One group was tested by the same operator in each test (intersession analysis), while the other group was tested by a different operator in each test (interrater analysis). The multiple correlation coefficient (CMC) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were calculated to assess repeatability. The difference between the two sessions of each group was assessed at each time point of gait cycle.
RESULTS
The intrasession CMC and ICC values of all parameters showed excellent or very good repeatability. The intersession CMC of many parameters showed good or better repeatability. Interrater CMC and ICC values were generally lower for all parameters than intrasession and intersession. The mean gaps of all parameters were generally similar to those of the previous study.
CONCLUSIONS
We demonstrated that 3D MFM using a 15-marker set had high intrasession, intersession, and interrater repeatability in the assessment of foot motion in healthy children but recommend some caution in interpreting the hindfoot parameters.

Keyword

Gait analysis; Repeatability; Multi-segment foot model

MeSH Terms

Adult
Ankle
Child*
Foot*
Gait
Humans
Pathology

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Marker placement of a three-dimensional multi-segment foot model with a 15-marker set. (A) Lateral view of marker placement. (B, C) The hallux marker was placed in the middle of the hallux nail bed and two calcaneus markers were applied to the hindfoot. We used smaller markers than those used in adults.

• 

  Fig. 2 Walking kinematics for the first and second visits (average with a range representing two standard devistions). Med: medial, Lat: lateral.

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