Investig Clin Urol.  2016 Jun;57(Suppl 1):S14-S25. 10.4111/icu.2016.57.S1.S14.

Dietary factors associated with bladder cancer

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, AL, USA. piyathic@uab.edu

Abstract

It is biologically plausible for dietary factors to influence bladder cancer risk considering that beneficial as well as harmful components of a diet are excreted through the urinary tract and in direct contact with the epithelium of the bladder. However, studies that investigated the association between dietary factors and bladder cancer (BC) risk have largely reported inconsistent results. The macronutrient intake and risk of BC could have yield inconsistent results across studies because of lack of details on the type, source and the quantities of different dietary fatty acids consumed. There is evidence to suggest that consumption of processed meat may increase BC risk. Dietary carbohydrate intake does not appear to be directly associated with BC risk. Even though a large number of studies have investigated the association between fruit/vegetable consumption/micronutrients in those and BC risk, they have yielded inconsistent results. Gender-specific subgroup analysis, details of how fruits and vegetables are consumed (raw vs. cooked), adequate control for smoking status/aggressiveness of the cancer and consideration of genetic make-up may clarify these inconsistent results. There is no strong evidence to suggest that supplementation with any common micronutrient is effective in reducing BC risk. These limitations in published research however do not totally eclipse the observation that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables and low in processed meat along with especially smoking cessation may convey some protective effects against BC risk.

Keyword

Diet; Risk; Urinary bladder neoplasms

MeSH Terms

Diet/*adverse effects
Dietary Supplements
Fruit
Humans
Micronutrients/blood
Risk Factors
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/blood/*etiology/prevention & control
Vegetables

Reference

1. Babjuk M, Burger M, Zigeuner R, Shariat SF, van Rhijn BW, Comperat E, et al. EAU guidelines on non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: update 2013. Eur Urol. 2013; 64:639–653.
2. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015; 136:E359–E386.
3. SEER stat fact sheets: bladder cancer [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute;2015. cited 2015 Dec 1. Avaiable from: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/urinb.html.
4. Malats N, Real FX. Epidemiology of bladder cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am. 2015; 29:177–189.
5. Busby JE, Kamat AM. Chemoprevention for bladder cancer. J Urol. 2006; 176:1914–1920.
6. Baena Ruiz R, Salinas Hernandez P. Diet and cancer: risk factors and epidemiological evidence. Maturitas. 2014; 77:202–208.
7. Steinmaus CM, Nuñez S, Smith AH. Diet and bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of six dietary variables. Am J Epidemiol. 2000; 151:693–702.
8. Allen NE, Appleby PN, Key TJ, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ros MM, Kiemeney LA, et al. Macronutrient intake and risk of urothelial cell carcinoma in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition. Int J Cancer. 2013; 132:635–644.
9. Brinkman MT, Karagas MR, Zens MS, Schned AR, Reulen RC, Zeegers MP. Intake of α-linolenic acid and other fatty acids in relation to the risk of bladder cancer: results from the New Hampshire case-control study. Br J Nutr. 2011; 106:1070–1077.
10. Brinkman MT, Buntinx F, Kellen E, Van Dongen MC, Dagnelie PC, Muls E, et al. Consumption of animal products, olive oil and dietary fat and results from the Belgian case-control study on bladder cancer risk. Eur J Cancer. 2011; 47:436–442.
11. Lin J, Forman MR, Wang J, Grossman HB, Chen M, Dinney CP, et al. Intake of red meat and heterocyclic amines, metabolic pathway genes and bladder cancer risk. Int J Cancer. 2012; 131:1892–1903.
12. Li F, An S, Hou L, Chen P, Lei C, Tan W. Red and processed meat intake and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2014; 7:2100–2110.
13. Wu JW, Cross AJ, Baris D, Ward MH, Karagas MR, Johnson A, et al. Dietary intake of meat, fruits, vegetables, and selective micronutrients and risk of bladder cancer in the New England region of the United States. Br J Cancer. 2012; 106:1891–1898.
14. Fang H, Yao B, Yan Y, Xu H, Liu Y, Tang H, et al. Diabetes mellitus increases the risk of bladder cancer: an updated metaanalysis of observational studies. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2013; 15:914–922.
15. Zhu Z, Zhang X, Shen Z, Zhong S, Wang X, Lu Y, et al. Diabetes mellitus and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. PLoS One. 2013; 8:e56662.
16. Michaud DS, Spiegelman D, Clinton SK, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Giovannucci EL. Fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of bladder cancer in a male prospective cohort. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1999; 91:605–613.
17. Nagano J, Kono S, Preston DL, Moriwaki H, Sharp GB, Koyama K, et al. Bladder-cancer incidence in relation to vegetable and fruit consumption: a prospective study of atomic-bomb survivors. Int J Cancer. 2000; 86:132–138.
18. Michaud DS, Pietinen P, Taylor PR, Virtanen M, Virtamo J, Albanes D. Intakes of fruits and vegetables, carotenoids and vitamins A, E, C in relation to the risk of bladder cancer in the ATBC cohort study. Br J Cancer. 2002; 87:960–965.
19. Castelao JE, Yuan JM, Gago-Dominguez M, Skipper PL, Tannenbaum SR, Chan KK, et al. Carotenoids/vitamin C and smoking-related bladder cancer. Int J Cancer. 2004; 110:417–423.
20. Larsson SC, Andersson SO, Johansson JE, Wolk A. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of bladder cancer: a prospective cohort study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008; 17:2519–2522.
21. Kellen E, Zeegers M, Paulussen A, Van Dongen M, Buntinx F. Fruit consumption reduces the effect of smoking on bladder cancer risk. The Belgian case control study on bladder cancer. Int J Cancer. 2006; 118:2572–2578.
22. Buchner FL, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ros MM, Kampman E, Egevad L, Overvad K, et al. Consumption of vegetables and fruit and the risk of bladder cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer. 2009; 125:2643–2651.
23. Buchner FL, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Ros MM, Kampman E, Egevad L, Overvad K, et al. Variety in vegetable and fruit consumption and risk of bladder cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Int J Cancer. 2011; 128:2971–2979.
24. Ros MM, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Kampman E, Büchner FL, Aben KK, Egevad L, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of aggressive and non-aggressive urothelial cell carcinomas in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Eur J Cancer. 2012; 48:3267–3277.
25. Bradbury KE, Appleby PN, Key TJ. Fruit, vegetable, and fiber intake in relation to cancer risk: findings from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 100:Suppl 1. 394S–398S.
26. Park SY, Ollberding NJ, Woolcott CG, Wilkens LR, Henderson BE, Kolonel LN. Fruit and vegetable intakes are associated with lower risk of bladder cancer among women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. J Nutr. 2013; 143:1283–1292.
27. Tang L, Zirpoli GR, Guru K, Moysich KB, Zhang Y, Ambrosone CB, et al. Consumption of raw cruciferous vegetables is inversely associated with bladder cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008; 17:938–944.
28. Lin J, Kamat A, Gu J, Chen M, Dinney CP, Forman MR, et al. Dietary intake of vegetables and fruits and the modification effects of GSTM1 and NAT2 genotypes on bladder cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18:2090–2097.
29. Yao B, Yan Y, Ye X, Fang H, Xu H, Liu Y, et al. Intake of fruit and vegetables and risk of bladder cancer: a dose-response meta-analysis of observational studies. Cancer Causes Control. 2014; 25:1645–1658.
30. Liu H, Wang XC, Hu GH, Guo ZF, Lai P, Xu L, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of bladder cancer: an updated meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2015; 24:508–516.
31. Vieira AR, Vingeliene S, Chan DS, Aune D, Abar L, Navarro Rosenblatt D, et al. Fruits, vegetables, and bladder cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Med. 2015; 4:136–146.
32. Xu C, Zeng XT, Liu TZ, Zhang C, Yang ZH, Li S, et al. Fruits and vegetables intake and risk of bladder cancer: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015; 94:e759.
33. Helzlsouer KJ, Comstock GW, Morris JS. Selenium, lycopene, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, retinol, and subsequent bladder cancer. Cancer Res. 1989; 49:6144–6148.
34. Tang JE, Wang RJ, Zhong H, Yu B, Chen Y. Vitamin A and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. World J Surg Oncol. 2014; 12:130.
35. Liang D, Lin J, Grossman HB, Ma J, Wei B, Dinney CP, et al. Plasma vitamins E and A and risk of bladder cancer: a case-control analysis. Cancer Causes Control. 2008; 19:981–992.
36. Nomura AM, Lee J, Stemmermann GN, Franke AA. Serum vitamins and the subsequent risk of bladder cancer. J Urol. 2003; 170(4 Pt 1):1146–1150.
37. Hung RJ, Zhang ZF, Rao JY, Pantuck A, Reuter VE, Heber D, et al. Protective effects of plasma carotenoids on the risk of bladder cancer. J Urol. 2006; 176:1192–1197.
38. Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Mannisto S, Snyder K, Horst RL, Virtamo J, et al. Serum vitamin D and risk of bladder cancer. Cancer Res. 2010; 70:9218–9223.
39. Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Horst RL, Purdue M, Albanes D. Serum vitamin D and risk of bladder cancer in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2012; 21:1222–1225.
40. Mondul AM, Weinstein SJ, Virtamo J, Albanes D. Influence of vitamin D binding protein on the association between circulating vitamin D and risk of bladder cancer. Br J Cancer. 2012; 107:1589–1594.
41. Amaral AF, Mendez-Pertuz M, Munoz A, Silverman DT, Allory Y, Kogevinas M, et al. Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) and bladder cancer risk according to tumor stage and FGFR3 status: a mechanism-based epidemiological study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012; 104:1897–1904.
42. Peiris AN, Bailey BA, Manning T. Relationship of vitamin D monitoring and status to bladder cancer survival in veterans. South Med J. 2013; 106:126–130.
43. Liao Y, Huang JL, Qiu MX, Ma ZW. Impact of serum vitamin D level on risk of bladder cancer: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Tumour Biol. 2015; 36:1567–1572.
44. Jacobs EJ, Henion AK, Briggs PJ, Connell CJ, McCullough ML, Jonas CR, et al. Vitamin C and vitamin E supplement use and bladder cancer mortality in a large cohort of US men and women. Am J Epidemiol. 2002; 156:1002–1010.
45. Michaud DS, Spiegelman D, Clinton SK, Rimm EB, Willett WC, Giovannucci E. Prospective study of dietary supplements, macronutrients, micronutrients, and risk of bladder cancer in US men. Am J Epidemiol. 2000; 152:1145–1153.
46. Hotaling JM, Wright JL, Pocobelli G, Bhatti P, Porter MP, White E. Long-term use of supplemental vitamins and minerals does not reduce the risk of urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder in the VITamins And Lifestyle study. J Urol. 2011; 185:1210–1215.
47. Larsson SC, Andersson SO, Johansson JE, Wolk A. Cultured milk, yogurt, and dairy intake in relation to bladder cancer risk in a prospective study of Swedish women and men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 88:1083–1087.
48. Keszei AP, Schouten LJ, Goldbohm RA, van den Brandt PA. Dairy intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the Netherlands Cohort Study on Diet and Cancer. Am J Epidemiol. 2010; 171:436–446.
49. Wang X, Lin YW, Wang S, Wu J, Mao QQ, Zheng XY, et al. A meta-analysis of tea consumption and the risk of bladder cancer. Urol Int. 2013; 90:10–16.
50. Zhang YF, Xu Q, Lu J, Wang P, Zhang HW, Zhou L, et al. Tea consumption and the incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2015; 24:353–362.
51. Li F, Zhou Y, Hu RT, Hou LN, Du YJ, Zhang XJ, et al. Egg consumption and risk of bladder cancer: a meta-analysis. Nutr Cancer. 2013; 65:538–546.
52. Li Z, Yu J, Miao Q, Sun S, Sun L, Yang H, et al. The association of fish consumption with bladder cancer risk: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol. 2011; 9:107.
Full Text Links
  • ICU
Actions
Cited
CITED
export Copy
Close
Share
  • Twitter
  • Facebook
Similar articles
Copyright © 2024 by Korean Association of Medical Journal Editors. All rights reserved.     E-mail: koreamed@kamje.or.kr