J Clin Neurol.  2018 Oct;14(4):478-486. 10.3988/jcn.2018.14.4.478.

Region-Based Analysis of Prevalence and Incidence of Parkinson's Disease: Analysis of the National Sample Cohort in South Korea

• Lee SH
• Lee SJ
• Kim YJ

• KMID: 2424175
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.3988/jcn.2018.14.4.478

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
The rapid increases in the elderly population and urbanization in South Korea have influenced both demographics and the environment. This study investigated trends in the prevalence and incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD), and the associations of PD with the urban and rural environments in South Korea.
METHODS
This study examined subjects aged 40 years or older in a cohort constructed using the National Sample Cohort data set in South Korea during 2002-2013. We estimated the age-standardized prevalence and incidence of PD based on the 2002 population, and estimated their trends. We analyzed regional differences in these rates by dividing South Korea into three regions based on geographic characteristics and two regions based on the degree of urbanization.
RESULTS
The standardized prevalence rates of PD per 100,000 increased significantly from 75.8 in 2003 to 136.8 in 2012 (p < 0.0001), especially in older subjects. The standardized prevalence of PD was highest in metropolitan Seoul. The standardized incidence of PD per 100,000 was 13.9 in 2003 and 10.3 in 2012, with no significant trend (p>0.05). The standardized incidence of PD in younger subjects was lower in eastern Korea than in the other two regions, while in the older subjects it was lower in western Korea than in metropolitan Seoul over almost the entire analyzed period. The standardized incidence of PD did not differ significantly between metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.
CONCLUSIONS
The standardized prevalence of PD increased steadily from 2003 to 2012 in South Korea, while its standardized incidence has remained constant. There were regional differences in the prevalence and incidence of PD based on the degree of urbanization and the area of agricultural land.

Keyword

Parkinson's disease; National Sample Cohort; prevalence; incidence; age standardization; environment

MeSH Terms

Aged
Cohort Studies*
Dataset
Demography
Humans
Incidence*
Korea*
Parkinson Disease*
Prevalence*
Seoul
Urbanization

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Population and agricultural areas in (A) three regions based on administrative and geographic characteristics and (B) two regions based on the degree of urbanization in South Korea in 2002. CCBD: Chungcheongbuk-do, CCND: Chungcheongnam-do, GGD: Gyeonggi-do, GSBD: Gyeongsangbuk-do, GSND: Gyeongsangnam-do, GWD: Gangwon-do, JEJU: Jeju Special Self-Governing Province, JLBD: Jeollabuk-do, JLND: Jeollanam-do.

• 

  Fig. 2 Trends in the crude and standardized prevalence (A) and incidence (B) rates of Parkinson's disease for those aged 40 years or older in South Korea from 2003 to 2012.

• 

  Fig. 3 Standardized prevalence rates of Parkinson's disease in South Korea in three regions (A and B) based on administrative and geographic characteristics and in two regions (C and D) based on the degree of urbanization according to age (40–65 years and >65 years). The p values are for trend analyses. *p<0.05, †p<0.001, ‡p<0.0001.

• 

  Fig. 4 Standardized incidence rates of Parkinson's disease in South Korea in three regions (A and B) based on administrative and geographic characteristics and in two regions (C and D) based on the degree of urbanization according to age (40–65 years and >65 years). The p values are for trend analyses.

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