1. Armstrong GT, Conklin HM, Huang S, Srivastava D, Sanford R, Ellison DW, et al. Survival and long-term health and cognitive outcomes after low-grade glioma. Neuro Oncol. 13:223–234. 2011.
Article
2. Astrup J. Natural history and clinical management of optic pathway glioma. Br J Neurosurg. 17:327–335. 2003.
Article
3. Ater JL, Zhou T, Holmes E, Mazewski CM, Booth TN, Freyer DR, et al. Randomized study of two chemotherapy regimens for treatment of lowgrade glioma in young children: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 30:2641–2647. 2012.
Article
4. Avery RA, Fisher MJ, Liu GT. Optic pathway gliomas. J Neuroophthalmol. 31:269–278. 2011.
Article
5. Avery RA, Hwang EI, Jakacki RI, Packer RJ. Marked recovery of vision in children with optic pathway gliomas treated with bevacizumab. JAMA Ophthalmol. 132:111–114. 2014.
Article
6. Baroncini M, Vinchon M, Minéo JF, Pichon F, Francke JP, Dhellemmes P. Surgical resection of thalamic tumors in children: approaches and clinical results. Childs Nerv Syst. 23:753–760. 2007.
Article
7. Bilginer B, Narin F, Işıkay I, Oguz KK, Söylemezoglu F, Akalan N. Thalamic tumors in children. Childs Nerv Syst. 30:1493–1498. 2014.
Article
8. Binning MJ, Liu JK, Kestle JR, Brockmeyer DL, Walker ML. Optic pathway gliomas: a review. Neurosurg Focus. 23:E2. 2007.
Article
9. Borghei-Razavi H, Shibao S, Schick U. Prechiasmatic transection of the optic nerve in optic nerve glioma: technical description and surgical outcome. Neurosurg Rev. 40:135–141. 2017.
Article
10. Borja MJ, Plaza MJ, Altman N, Saigal G. Conventional and advanced MRI features of pediatric intracranial tumors: supratentorial tumors. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 200:W483–W503. 2013.
Article
11. Braunstein S, Raleigh D, Bindra R, Mueller S, Haas-Kogan D. Pediatric high-grade glioma: current molecular landscape and therapeutic approaches. J Neurooncol. 134:541–549. 2017.
Article
12. Broadway SJ, Ogg RJ, Scoggins MA, Sanford R, Patay Z, Boop FA. Surgical management of tumors producing the thalamopeduncular syndrome of childhood. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 7:589–595. 2011.
Article
13. Burger PC, Cohen KJ, Rosenblum MK, Tihan T. Pathology of diencephalic astrocytomas. Pediatr Neurosurg. 32:214–219. 2000.
Article
14. Cao L, Li C, Zhang Y, Gui S. Surgical resection of unilateral thalamic tumors in adults: approaches and outcomes. BMC Neurol. 15:229. 2015.
Article
15. Cappelli C, Grill J, Raquin M, Pierre-Kahn A, Lellouch-Tubiana A, Terrier-Lacombe MJ, et al. Long-term follow up of 69 patients treated for optic pathway tumours before the chemotherapy era. Arch Dis Child. 79:334–338. 1998.
Article
16. Cheek WR, Taveras JM. Thalamic tumors. J Neurosurg. 24:505–513. 1966.
Article
17. Cohen KJ, Pollack IF, Zhou T, Buxton A, Holmes EJ, Burger PC, et al. Temozolomide in the treatment of high-grade gliomas in children: a report from the Children’s Oncology Group. Neuro Oncol. 13:317–323. 2011.
Article
18. Combs SE, Schulz-Ertner D, Moschos D, Thilmann C, Huber PE, Debus J. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy of optic pathway gliomas: tolerance and long-term outcome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 62:814–819. 2005.
Article
19. Dasgupta B, Yi Y, Chen DY, Weber JD, Gutmann DH. Proteomic analysis reveals hyperactivation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in neurofibromatosis 1-associated human and mouse brain tumors. Cancer Res. 65:2755–2760. 2005.
Article
20. Desai SS, Paulino AC, Mai WY, Teh BS. Radiation-induced moyamoya syndrome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 65:1222–1227. 2006.
Article
21. Dodge HW Jr, Love JG, Craig WM, Dockerty MB, Kearns TP, Holman CB, et al. Gliomas of the optic nerves. AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry. 79:607–621. 1958.
Article
22. El-Shehaby AM, Reda WA, Abdel Karim KM, Emad Eldin RM, Nabeel AM. Single-session Gamma knife radiosurgery for optic pathway/hypothalamic gliomas. J Neurosurg. 125(1 Suppl):50–57. 2016.
Article
23. Finlay JL, Zacharoulis S. The treatment of high grade gliomas and diffuse intrinsic pontine tumors of childhood and adolescence: a historical-and futuristic-perspective. J Neurooncol. 75:253–266. 2005.
Article
24. Fisher MJ, Loguidice M, Gutmann DH, Listernick R, Ferner RE, Ullrich NJ, et al. Visual outcomes in children with neurofibromatosis type 1-associated optic pathway glioma following chemotherapy: a multicenter retrospective analysis. Neuro Oncol. 14:790–797. 2012.
Article
25. Franzini A, Leocata F, Cajola L, Servello D, Allegranza A, Broggi G. Lowgrade glial tumors in basal ganglia and thalamus: natural history and biological reappraisal. Neurosurgery. 35:817–820; discussion 820-821. 1994.
26. Goodden JMC. Optic Pathway Hypothalamic Glioma in Winn HR (ed) : Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery. ed 7th. Philadelphia: Elsevier;2016. p. 1660–1667.
27. Grabenbauer GG, Schuchardt U, Buchfelder M, Rödel CM, Gusek G, Marx M, et al. Radiation therapy of optico-hypothalamic gliomas (OHG)--radiographic response, vision and late toxicity. Radiother Oncol. 54:239–245. 2000.
Article
28. Grill J, Couanet D, Cappelli C, Habrand JL, Rodriguez D, Sainte-Rose C, et al. Radiation-induced cerebral vasculopathy in children with neurofibromatosis and optic pathway glioma. Ann Neurol. 45:393–396. 1999.
Article
29. Gupta A, Shaller N, McFadden KA. Pediatric thalamic gliomas: an updated review. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 141:1316–1323. 2017.
Article
30. Gutmann DH, Donahoe J, Brown T, James CD, Perry A. Loss of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene expression in NF1-associated pilocytic astrocytomas. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol. 26:361–367. 2000.
Article
31. Hoffman HJ, Humphreys RP, Drake JM, Rutka JT, Becker LE, Jenkin D, et al. Optic pathway/hypothalamic gliomas: a dilemma in management. Pediatr Neurosurg. 19:186–195. 1993.
Article
32. Hoffman HJ, Soloniuk DS, Humphreys RP, Drake JM, Becker LE, De Lima BO, et al. Management and outcome of low-grade astrocytomas of the midline in children: a retrospective review. Neurosurgery. 33:964–971. 1993.
Article
33. Horwich A, Bloom HJ. Optic gliomas: radiation therapy and prognosis. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 11:1067–1079. 1985.
Article
34. Hoyt WF, Baghdassarian SA. Optic glioma of childhood. Natural history and rationale for conservative management. Br J Ophthalmol. 53:793–798. 1969.
Article
35. Hummel TR, Chow LM, Fouladi M, Franz D. Pharmacotherapeutic management of pediatric gliomas: current and upcoming strategies. Paediatr Drugs. 15:29–42. 2013.
36. Jahraus CD, Tarbell NJ. Optic pathway gliomas. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 46:586–596. 2006.
Article
37. Jeelani ODP. Thalamic Tumors in Winn HR (ed) : Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery. ed 7th. Philadelphia: Elsevier;2016. p. 1669–1676.
38. Jones DT, Kocialkowski S, Liu L, Pearson DM, Ichimura K, Collins VP. Oncogenic RAF1 rearrangement and a novel BRAF mutation as alternatives to KIAA1549:BRAF fusion in activating the MAPK pathway in pilocytic astrocytoma. Oncogene. 28:2119–2123. 2009.
Article
39. Jones DT, Kocialkowski S, Liu L, Pearson DM, Bäcklund LM, Ichimura K, et al. Tandem duplication producing a novel oncogenic BRAF fusion gene defines the majority of pilocytic astrocytomas. Cancer Res. 68:8673–8677. 2008.
Article
40. Juratli TA, Qin N, Cahill DP, Filbin MG. Molecular pathogenesis and therapeutic implications in pediatric high-grade gliomas. Pharmacol Ther. 182:70–79. 2018.
Article
41. Khatua S, Gutmann DH, Packer RJ. Neurofibromatosis type 1 and optic pathway glioma: Molecular interplay and therapeutic insights. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 65:2018.
Article
42. Khatua S, Wang J, Rajaram V. Review of low-grade gliomas in children--evolving molecular era and therapeutic insights. Childs Nerv Syst. 31:643–652. 2015.
Article
43. Khuong-Quang DA, Buczkowicz P, Rakopoulos P, Liu XY, Fontebasso AM, Bouffet E, et al. K27M mutation in histone H3.3 defines clinically and biologically distinct subgroups of pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. Acta Neuropathol. 124:439–447. 2012.
Article
44. Komotar RJ, Mocco J, Carson BS, Sughrue ME, Zacharia BE, Sisti AC, et al. Pilomyxoid astrocytoma: a review. MedGenMed. 6:42. 2004.
45. Kornreich L, Blaser S, Schwarz M, Shuper A, Vishne TH, Cohen IJ, et al. Optic pathway glioma: correlation of imaging findings with the presence of neurofibromatosis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 22:1963–1969. 2001.
46. Kramm CM, Butenhoff S, Rausche U, Warmuth-Metz M, Kortmann RD, Pietsch T, et al. Thalamic high-grade gliomas in children: a distinct clinical subset? Neuro Oncol. 13:680–689. 2011.
Article
47. Lambron J, Rakotonjanahary J, Loisel D, Frampas E, De Carli E, Delion M, et al. Can we improve accuracy and reliability of MRI interpretation in children with optic pathway glioma? Proposal for a reproducible imaging classification. Neuroradiology. 58:197–208. 2016.
Article
48. Lau N, Feldkamp MM, Roncari L, Loehr AH, Shannon P, Gutmann DH, et al. Loss of neurofibromin is associated with activation of RAS/MAPK and PI3-K/AKT signaling in a neurofibromatosis 1 astrocytoma. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol. 59:759–767. 2000.
Article
49. Lee AG. Neuroophthalmological management of optic pathway gliomas. Neurosurg Focus. 23:E1. 2007.
Article
50. Lee RP, Foster KA, Lillard JC, Klimo P Jr, Ellison DW, Orr B, et al. Surgical and molecular considerations in the treatment of pediatric thalamopeduncular tumors. J Neurosurg Pediatr. 20:247–255. 2017.
Article
51. Leroy R, Benahmed N, Hulstaert F, Van Damme N, De Ruysscher D. Proton therapy in children: a systematic review of clinical effectiveness in 15 pediatric cancers. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 95:267–278. 2016.
Article
52. Listernick R, Ferner RE, Liu GT, Gutmann DH. Optic pathway gliomas in neurofibromatosis-1: controversies and recommendations. Ann Neurol. 61:189–198. 2007.
Article
53. Listernick R, Louis DN, Packer RJ, Gutmann DH. Optic pathway gliomas in children with neurofibromatosis 1: consensus statement from the NF1 optic pathway glioma task force. Ann Neurol. 41:143–149. 1997.
Article
54. Liu GT. Optic gliomas of the anterior visual pathway. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 17:427–431. 2006.
Article
55. Louis DN, Perry A, Reifenberger G, von Deimling A, Figarella-Branger D, Cavenee WK, et al. The 2016 world health organization classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Acta Neuropathol. 131:803–820. 2016.
Article
56. Maia AC Jr, Malheiros SM, da Rocha AJ, da Silva CJ, Gabbai AA, Ferraz FA, et al. MR cerebral blood volume maps correlated with vascular endothelial growth factor expression and tumor grade in nonenhancing gliomas. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 26:777–783. 2005.
57. Massimi L, Tufo T, Di Rocco C. Management of optic-hypothalamic gliomas in children: still a challenging problem. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 7:1591–1610. 2007.
Article
58. Moreno L, Bautista F, Ashley S, Duncan C, Zacharoulis S. Does chemotherapy affect the visual outcome in children with optic pathway glioma? a systematic review of the evidence. Eur J Cancer. 46:2253–2259. 2010.
Article
59. Opocher E, Kremer LC, Da Dalt L, van de Wetering MD, Viscardi E, Caron HN, et al. Prognostic factors for progression of childhood optic pathway glioma: a systematic review. Eur J Cancer. 42:1807–1816. 2006.
Article
60. Ostrom QT, Gittleman H, Xu J, Kromer C, Wolinsky Y, Kruchko C, et al. CBTRUS statistical report: primary brain and other central nervous system tumors diagnosed in the United States in 2009-2013. Neuro Oncol. 18:V1–V75. 2016.
Article
61. Ozek MM, Türe U. Surgical approach to thalamic tumors. Childs Nerv Syst. 18:450–456. 2002.
Article
62. Packer RJ, Ater J, Allen J, Phillips P, Geyer R, Nicholson HS, et al. Carboplatin and vincristine chemotherapy for children with newly diagnosed progressive low-grade gliomas. J Neurosurg. 86:747–754. 1997.
Article
63. Packer RJ, Lange B, Ater J, Nicholson HS, Allen J, Walker R, et al. Carboplatin and vincristine for recurrent and newly diagnosed low-grade gliomas of childhood. J Clin Oncol. 11:850–856. 1993.
Article
64. Panigrahy A, Blüml S. Neuroimaging of pediatric brain tumors: from basic to advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). J Child Neurol. 24:1343–1365. 2009.
Article
65. Parsa CF, Hoyt CS, Lesser RL, Weinstein JM, Strother CM, Muci-Mendoza R, et al. Spontaneous regression of optic gliomas: thirteen cases documented by serial neuroimaging. Arch Ophthalmol. 119:516–529. 2001.
66. Pollack IF, Claassen D, al-Shboul Q, Janosky JE, Deutsch M. Low-grade gliomas of the cerebral hemispheres in children: an analysis of 71 cases. J Neurosurg. 82:536–547. 1995.
Article
67. Prada CE, Hufnagel RB, Hummel TR, Lovell AM, Hopkin RJ, Saal HM, et al. The use of magnetic resonance imaging screening for optic pathway gliomas in children with neurofibromatosis type 1. J Pediatr. 167:851–856.e1. 2015.
Article
68. Prados MD, Edwards MS, Rabbitt J, Lamborn K, Davis RL, Levin VA. Treatment of pediatric low-grade gliomas with a nitrosourea-based multiagent chemotherapy regimen. J Neurooncol. 32:235–241. 1997.
69. Puget S, Beccaria K, Blauwblomme T, Roujeau T, James S, Grill J, et al. Biopsy in a series of 130 pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas. Childs Nerv Syst. 31:1773–1780. 2015.
Article
70. Puget S, Crimmins DW, Garnett MR, Grill J, Oliveira R, Boddaert N, et al. Thalamic tumors in children: a reappraisal. J Neurosurg. 106:354–362. 2007.
Article
71. Pungavkar SA, Lawande MA, Patkar DP, Agrawal NV, Gadani S. Bilateral optic pathway glioma with intracranial calcification: magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy findings. Australas Radiol. 49:489–492. 2005.
Article
72. Rasool N, Odel JG, Kazim M. Optic pathway glioma of childhood. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 28:289–295. 2017.
Article
73. Rodriguez FJ, Vizcaino MA, Lin MT. Recent advances on the molecular pathology of glial neoplasms in children and adults. J Mol Diagn. 18:620–634. 2016.
Article
74. Sai Kiran NA, Thakar S, Dadlani R, Mohan D, Furtado SV, Ghosal N, et al. Surgical management of thalamic gliomas: case selection, technical considerations, and review of literature. Neurosurg Rev. 36:383–393. 2013.
Article
75. Schwartzentruber J, Korshunov A, Liu XY, Jones DT, Pfaff E, Jacob K, et al. Driver mutations in histone H3.3 and chromatin remodelling genes in paediatric glioblastoma. Nature. 482:226–231. 2012.
76. Shapey J, Danesh-Meyer HV, Kaye AH. Diagnosis and management of optic nerve glioma. J Clin Neurosci. 18:1585–1591. 2011.
Article
77. Sharif S, Ferner R, Birch JM, Gillespie JE, Gattamaneni HR, Baser ME, et al. Second primary tumors in neurofibromatosis 1 patients treated for optic glioma: substantial risks after radiotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 24:2570–2575. 2006.
Article
78. Shen TT, Sakai O, Curtin HD, Rizzo JF 3rd. Magnetic resonance imaging of primary anterior visual pathway tumors. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 41:171–180. 2001.
Article
79. Steinbok P, Gopalakrishnan CV, Hengel AR, Vitali AM, Poskitt K, Hawkins C, et al. Pediatric thalamic tumors in the MRI era: a Canadian perspective. Childs Nerv Syst. 32:269–280. 2016.
Article
80. Stieber VW. Radiation therapy for visual pathway tumors. J Neuroophthalmol. 28:222–230. 2008.
Article
81. Sturm D, Pfister SM, Jones DTW. Pediatric gliomas: current concepts on diagnosis, biology, and clinical management. J Clin Oncol. 35:2370–2377. 2017.
Article
82. Suárez JC, Viano JC, Zunino S, Herrera EJ, Gomez J, Tramunt B, et al. Management of child optic pathway gliomas: new therapeutical option. Childs Nerv Syst. 22:679–684. 2006.
Article
83. Sylvester CL, Drohan LA, Sergott RC. Optic-nerve gliomas, chiasmal gliomas and neurofibromatosis type 1. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 17:7–11. 2006.
Article
84. Wisoff JH, Abbott R, Epstein F. Surgical management of exophytic chiasmatic-hypothalamic tumors of childhood. J Neurosurg. 73:661–667. 1990.
Article
85. Wong TT, Chen HH, Liang ML, Hsieh KL, Yang YS, Ho DM, et al. Clinical considerations and surgical approaches for low-grade gliomas in deep hemispheric locations: thalamic lesions. Childs Nerv Syst. 32:1895–1906. 2016.
Article
86. Wu G, Broniscer A, McEachron TA, Lu C, Paugh BS, Becksfort J, et al. Somatic histone H3 alterations in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas and non-brainstem glioblastomas. Nat Genet. 44:251–253. 2012.
Article
87. Yeom KW, Lober RM, Andre JB, Fisher PG, Barnes PD, Edwards MS, et al. Prognostic role for diffusion-weighted imaging of pediatric optic pathway glioma. J Neurooncol. 113:479–483. 2013.
Article