J Audiol Otol.  2018 Apr;22(2):75-79. 10.7874/jao.2017.00199.

Locacorten Vioform Ototoxicity Upon Guinea Pig Middle Ear Application

• Woods O
• Saliba I

• KMID: 2415946
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7874/jao.2017.00199

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Locacorten Vioform (Novartis UK) is frequently prescribed for otomycosis. Its component, Clioquinol, also has anti-bacterial properties. Up to this point, its ototoxic potential has not been evaluated. Our objective aims to evaluate Locacorten Vioform's potential ototoxicity when applied directly to the middle ear cavity.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed an experimental prospective animal study in our animal research center with 20 Hartley guinea pigs divided into 2 groups. The first group (experimental) was treated with Locacorten Vioform in one ear and with a physiologic saline solution in the other. The second group (positive control) was treated with concentrated gentamycin in one ear and physiologic saline in the other. Auditory brainstem response measurements were obtained before and after three sets of injections. Statistics were analyzed using a variance analysis with repeated measures. The histological state of cochlear outer hair cells was compared between the two groups using scanning electron microscopy.
RESULTS
Average hearing loss in ears treated with Locacorten Vioform was 32.1 dB, compared with a 2.5 dB average loss in the saline-treated ears. Ears treated with gentamycin lost an average of 33.0 dB. There were clinically and statistically significant differences between the two ears of the guinea pigs in both groups (p < 0.001). Scanning electron microscopy revealed severe pericochlear and cochlear inflammation and ossification in the Locacorten Vioform-treated ears. Gentamycin caused significant destruction of outer hair cell architecture.
CONCLUSIONS
Locacorten Vioform induces a hearing loss similar to that caused by gentamycin when applied directly to the middle ear of a guinea pig model. Electron microscopy indicates a pericochlear and cochlear inflammatory reaction with ossification.

Keyword

Locacorten Vioform; Gentamycin; Ototoxicity; Inner hair cell; Outer hair cell

MeSH Terms

Animal Experimentation
Animals
Clioquinol*
Ear
Ear, Middle*
Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem
Gentamicins
Guinea Pigs*
Guinea*
Hair
Hair Cells, Auditory, Inner
Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer
Hearing Loss
Inflammation
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Otomycosis
Prospective Studies
Sodium Chloride
Clioquinol
Gentamicins
Sodium Chloride