J Korean Acad Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs.  2018 Jun;27(2):123-134. 10.12934/jkpmhn.2018.27.2.123.

Effects of an Empowerment Program for Patients with Schizophrenia

• Woo JH
• Jang JH
• Cho JH

• KMID: 2415246
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2018.27.2.123

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate a "˜patient empowerment program for schizophrenia (PEPS)' to improve problem solving ability, quality of life, and mental health literacy for hospitalized patients with schizophrenia.
METHODS
The study was a non-equivalent control group non-synchronized design. Study participants were recruited from a psychiatric hospital in Republic of Korea. Of 56 participants, 20 were assigned to the experimental group and 36 to the control group. Data were collected from September, 2017 to January, 2018. Data analyses included chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests, t-tests, and repeated measure ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 21.0 program.
RESULTS
After participating PEPS, the experimental group showed a significant increase in quality of life and mental health literacy compared to the control group. However, there were no significant differences in problem solving ability between the two groups.
CONCLUSION
Findings show that patients with schizophrenia receive benefits from PEPS in terms of quality of life and mental health literacy. However, further research is necessary to develop clinical strategies to improve their problem solving abilities.

Keyword

Schizophrenia; Psychotherapy; Power (psychology); Quality of life; Health literacy

MeSH Terms

Health Literacy
Hospitals, Psychiatric
Humans
Literacy
Mental Health
Power (Psychology)*
Problem Solving
Psychotherapy
Quality of Life
Republic of Korea
Schizophrenia*
Statistics as Topic

Figure

• 

  Figure 1. Study design.

Reference

1. Seoul National University College of Medicine. The epidemiological survey of mental disorders in Korea 2011. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare;2012. December.

2. Lee KJ, You SJ, Lee SW, Kim SYJ, Kim YH, Won JS, et al. Introduction to psychiatric nursing. 6th ed.Seoul: Soomoonsa;2011. p. 988.

3. Kim MJ, Lee KH. Development of empowerment program for persons with chronic mental illness and evaluation of impact. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2015; 45(6):834–845. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2015.45.6.834.

4. World Health Organization collaborating center for psychosocial rehabilitation and community mental health. Patients empowerment program for schizophrenia. 3rd ed.Yongin: Yongin Mental Hospital WHO Collaborating Center for Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Community Mental Health;2012. p. 136.

5. Hwang TY, Lee JK, Gong JH. PEPS: patient empowerment program for schizophrenia. 3rd ed.Seoul: Yongin Mental Hospital;2006. p. 129.

6. Choi S, Hwang TY, Lee WK. Development of Korean version of empowerment scale for psychiatric rehabilitation. Journal of Korean Association of Social Psychiatry. 2005; 10(1):38–47.

7. Heppner PP, Petersen CH. The development and implications of a personal problem-solving inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 1982; 29(1):66–75. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.29.1.66.

8. Suh J, Lee M. The effectiveness of a vocational rehabilitation program developed for patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 2000; 39(1):88–99.

9. Jorm AF, Korten AE, Jacomb PA, Christensen H, Rodgers B, Pollitt P. "Mental health literacy": a survey of the public's ability to recognise mental disorders and their beliefs about the effectiveness of treatment. Medical Journal of Australia. 1997; 166(4):182–186.

10. DeWalt DA, Berkman ND, Sheridan S, Lohr KN, Phgnone MP. Literacy and health outcomes: a systematic review of the literature. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2004; 19(12):1228–1239. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2004.40153.x.

11. Berkman ND, Sheridan SL, Donahue KE, Halpern DJ, Crotty K. Low health literacy and health outcomes: an updated systematic review. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2011; 155(2):98–107. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-155-2-201107190-00005.

12. World Health Organization. WHOQOL measuring quality of life. [Internet]. Geneva: Author;1997. [cited.2017 May 1]. Available from:. http://www.who.int/mental_health/media/68.pdf.

13. Joung JW, Kim SJ. Effects of a relapse prevention program on insight, empowerment and treatment adherence in patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2017; 47(2):188–198. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2017.47.2.188.

14. Yoo JS. Development of a problem solving training model and its effectiveness [dissertation]. [Gwangju]: Chonnam National University;1993. p. 195.

15. Min SK, Lee CI, Kim KI, Suh SY, Kim DK. Development of Korean version of WHO quality of life scale abbreviated version (WHOQOL-BREF). Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 2000; 39(3):571–579.

16. Jeon MS. Mental health literacy of community social welfare service provider [master's thesis]. [Jinju]: Gyeongsang National University;2013. p. 33.

17. Park SA, Sung KM. The effects on helplessness and recovery of an empowerment program for hospitalized persons with schizophrenia. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2013; 49(2):110–117. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12002.

18. Velasquez MM, Maurer GG, Crouch C, DiClemente CC. Group treatment for substance abuse: a stage of change therapy manual. New York: The Guilford Press;2015. p. 75.

19. Lee CS, Kim SJ, Kim AK, Kweon YR. The effect of integrated mental health care program on knowledge and practice related to drug and symptom management, and problem solving ability for schizophrenic patients and their families. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2007; 16(3):276–287.

20. Park SA, Sung KM. Effects on stress, problem solving ability and quality of life of as a stress management program for hospitalized schizophrenic patients: based on the stress, appraisal-coping model of Lazarus & Folkman. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2016; 46(4):583–597. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2016.46.4.583.

21. Ko HS, Choi HS. Mental health literacy among parents of adolescents and teachers in Korea. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2015; 24(3):168–177. https://doi.org/10.12934/jkpmhn.2015.24.3.168.

22. Seo MK, Rhee MK. Mental health literacy and vulnerable group analysis of Korea. Korean Academy of Social Welfare. 2013; 65(2):313–334.

23. Kim SY. A study on the effect of stress management program for persons with chronic mental disability [master's thesis]. [Daegu]: Kyungpook National University;2011. p. 101.

24. Kim YY, Park HS. The effects of insight and empowerment on function and quality of life for patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2010; 19(1):11–21.

25. Jo GY. The effects of an integrative self-esteem improvement program on self-esteem, interpersonal relations, and quality of life for persons with mental disorder. Journal of Korean Academy of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing. 2009; 18(4):439–448.

26. Anderson RJ, Pierce D. Assumptions associated with mental health literacy training-insights from initiatives in rural Australia. Advances in Mental Health. 2012; 10(3):258–267. https://doi.org/10.5172/jamh.2012.10.3.258.

27. Jorm AF. Mental health literacy: empowering the community to take action for better mental health. The American Psychologist. 2012; 67(3):231–243. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025957.

28. Kang DG, Kim YY. The utilization level of psychosocial rehabilitation centers and their insight and rehabilitation outcomes. Korean Community Mental Health Journal. 2005; 8:45–59.

29. Judge AM, Perkins DO, Nieri J, Penn DL. Pathways to care in first episode psychosis: a pilot study on help-seeking precipitant and barriers to care. Journal of Mental Health. 2005; 14(5):465–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638230500271089.