Lab Anim Res.  2017 Jun;33(2):105-113. 10.5625/lar.2017.33.2.105.

Blood flow-improving activity of methyl jasmonate-treated adventitious roots of mountain ginseng

• Ban YH
• Cha Y
• Choi J
• An ES
• Lee JY
• Han NR
• Seo DW
• Jung G
• Jeong DH
• Rhee MH
• Choi EK
• Kim YB

• KMID: 2407423
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5625/lar.2017.33.2.105

Abstract

Ginsenosides from Panax ginseng are well known for their diverse pharmacological effects including antithrombotic activity. Since adventitious roots of mountain ginseng (ARMG) also contain various ginsenosides, blood flow-improving effects of the dried powder and extract of ARMG were investigated. Rats were orally administered with dried powder (PARMG) or ethanol extract (EARMG) of ARMG (125, 250 or 500 mg/kg) or aspirin (30 mg/kg, a reference control) for 3 weeks. Forty min after the final administration, carotid arterial thrombosis was induced by applying a 70% FeCl₃-soaked filter paper outside the arterial wall for 5 min, and the blood flow was monitored with a laser Doppler probe. Both PARMG and EARMG delayed the FeCl₃-induced arterial occlusion in a dose-dependent manner, doubling the occlusion time at high doses. In mechanism studies, a high concentration of EARMG inhibited platelet aggregation induced by collagen in vitro. In addition, EARMG improved the blood lipid profiles, decreasing triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Although additional action mechanisms remain to be clarified, it is suggested that ARMG containing high amount of ginsenosides such as Rg₃ improves blood flow not only by inhibiting oxidative thrombosis, but also by modifying blood lipid profiles.

Keyword

Mountain ginseng; adventitious root; ginsenoside; platelet aggregation; blood flow

MeSH Terms

Animals
Aspirin
Cholesterol
Collagen
Ethanol
Ginsenosides
In Vitro Techniques
Panax*
Platelet Aggregation
Rats
Thrombosis
Triglycerides
Aspirin
Cholesterol
Collagen
Ethanol
Ginsenosides

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Inhibition of platelet aggregation by dried powder (PARMG) or ethanol extract (EARMG) of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng or aspirin. Platelet aggregation was induced by collagen (0.625 µg/mL; A), adenosine diphosphate (ADP, 10 µM; B) or thrombin (0.1 unit/mL; C). Virgule: 125 µg/mL, gray: 250 µg/mL, black: 500 µg/mL. *Significantly different from vehicle controls (collagen, ADP or thrombin alone).

• 

  Figure 2 Time-course of carotid arterial blood flow following FeCl3 application outside the arterial wall. Dried powder (PARMG; A) or ethanol extract (EARMG; B) of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng or aspirin (A & B) were orally administered for 3 weeks prior to FeCl3 exposure. ●: vehicle (FeCl3 alone) control, ▼: low dose (125 mg/kg) of PARMG or EARMG, ■: medium dose (250 mg/kg) of PARMG or EARMG, ◆: high dose (500 mg/kg) of PARMG or EARMG, ▲: aspirin (30 mg/kg).

• 

  Figure 3 Time to occlusion of carotid arteries after application of FeCl3 outside the arterial wall. Dried powder (PARMG) or ethanol extract (EARMG) of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng or aspirin were orally administered for 3 weeks prior to FeCl3 exposure. *Significantly different from vehicle (FeCl3 alone) control (P<0.05).

• 

  Figure 4 Representative findings of carotid arterial thrombi produced by FeCl3 application outside the arterial wall. Dried powder (PARMG) or ethanol extract (EARMG) of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng or aspirin were orally administered for 3 weeks prior to FeCl3 exposure. Gray aggregated platelet plugs (empty star) and yellow/pink blood clots (filled star) are seen in the arterial lumens exposed to FeCl3.

• 

  Figure 5 Platelet plug (gray) and blood clot (black) ratios in the carotid arterial thrombi produced by FeCl3 application outside the arterial wall. Dried powder (PARMG, 500 mg/kg) or ethanol extract (EARMG, 500 mg/kg) of adventitious roots of mountain ginseng or aspirin (30 mg/kg) were orally administered for 3 weeks prior to FeCl3 exposure.

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