Korean J Adult Nurs.  2017 Oct;29(5):505-516. 10.7475/kjan.2017.29.5.505.

A First-year Cohort Study based on Health Behaviors of Older Adults in an Urban City: Gender and Age Differences

• Ha JY
• Cho B
• Song M
• Lim J
• Kim GH
• Jung YS
• Park YH

• KMID: 2406520
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.7475/kjan.2017.29.5.505

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to identify gender and age differences in health status and health behaviors of community-dwelling older adults in an urban city.
METHODS
A convenience sample of 500 older people were recruited. Participants completed eight study instruments by face to face interview. The instruments were the Korea Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K-IADL), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Body Mass Index (BMI), Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form, Stanford Research Instruments for Chronic Disease, Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form Korea version, EuroQol-5 Dimensions scale (EQ-5D), and the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture Frailty Index.
RESULTS
71.6% were females and mean age of all participants was 74.4 years. Participants were divided into three age groups: 60 to 74 years (n=263, 52.6%), 75 to 84 years (n=207, 41.4%), and ≥85 years (n=30, 6.0%). Significant gender differences were found in educational level, marital status, family type, religion, perceived economic status, K-IADL, SPPB, grip strength, BMI, fatigue, smoking, drinking, communication with physicians and nurses, and EQ-5D. There were significant differences among the three age groups on educational level, marital status, family type, SPPB, grip strength, regular health check-up, communication with physicians and nurses, and frailty.
CONCLUSION
Gender difference should be taken into consideration more than age when policy and preventive programs for community-dwelling older adults in an urban city is developed.

MeSH Terms

Activities of Daily Living
Adult*
Body Mass Index
Chronic Disease
Cohort Studies*
Depression
Drinking
Fatigue
Female
Hand Strength
Health Behavior*
Humans
Korea
Marital Status
Osteoporotic Fractures
Smoke
Smoking
Smoke

Reference

1. Chung KH, Oh YH, Kang EN, Kim JH, Sunwoo D, Oh MA, et al. 2014 National elderly survey. Policy Report, MOHW. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs;2014 December. Report No.: 11-1352000-001426-12.

2. Kim HY. Policies and trends in global aging-related research. Public Health Weekly Report, KCDC. Seoul: Korea Centers for Disease control and Prevention;2013 June. Report No.: 11-1351159-000002-03.

3. Kwon SJ. Current research trends in anti-aging [Internet]. Seoul: BRIC View;2015. [cited 2015 November 17]. Available from:. http://www.ibric.org/myboard/read.php?Board=report&id=2424.

4. Chung KH, Oh YH, Lee YK, Son CG, Park BM, Lee SY, et al. 2011 National elderly survey. Policy Report, MOHW. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs;2012 April. Report No.: Research 11-1352000-000672-12.

5. Jeon SA, Jeong JY, Park SW, Choi YH, Choi MG, Hong KS, et al. Related factors with decreased physical function in the com-munity-dwelling elderly in chuncheon: Hallym Aging Study (HAS). Korean Journal of Epidemiology. 2008; 30(2):216–29.

6. Kim JY, Lee SG, Lee SK. The relationship between health behaviors, health status, activities of daily living and health-related quality of life in the elderly. Journal of the Korean Gerontological Society. 2010; 30(2):471–84.

7. Lee JC, Park JS, Kim GH. Factors associated with the health promotion activities of the Korean elderly. Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion. 2010; 27(2):121–39.

8. Song MY, Lim WY, Kim JI. Gender based health inequality and impacting factors. Korean Journal of Women Health Nursing. 2015; 21(2):150–9. https://doi.org/10.4069/kjwhn.2015.21.2.150.

9. Do HK, Lim JY. Rehabilitation strategy to improve physical function of oldest-old adults. Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society. 2015; 19(2):61–70. https://doi.org/10.4235/jkgs.2015.19.2.61.

10. Seoul Statistics. 2017 Seoul survey [Internet]. Seoul: Seoul Metropolitan Government;2017. [cited 2017 May 31]. Available from:. http://stat.seoul.go.kr/jsp3/stat.book.jsp?link=2&cot=007.

11. Bae YJ, Kim TB, Jo YS, Moon HB, Kwon SS, Jang YS, et al. The maintenance rate and causes of dropout in COhort for Reality and Evolution of adult Asthma in Korea (COREA). Paper pre-sented at: The meeting of the Korean Association of Internal Medicine;. 2008. October 24; Seoul.

12. Lorig K, Stewart A, Ritter P, González V, Laurent D, Lynch J. Outcome measures for health education and other health care interventions. Thousand Oaks CA: Sage Publications;1996. p. 24–40.

13. Park YH, Chang HK. Effect of a health coaching self-management program for older adults with multimorbidity in nursing homes. Patient Preference and Adherence. 2014; 8:959–70. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S62411.

14. Won CW, Rho YG, SunWoo D, Lee YS. The validity and reliability of Korean Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (K- IADL) scale. Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society. 2002; 6(4):273–80.

15. Guralnik JM, Simonsick EM, Ferrucci L, Glynn RJ, Berkman LF, Blazer DG, et al. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self-reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. Journal of Gerontology. 1994; 49(2):M85–94. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.2.M85.

16. Rubenstein LZ, Harker JO, Salvà A, Guigoz Y, Vellas B. Screening for undernutrition in geriatric practice developing the short-form mini-nutritional assessment (MNA-SF). The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2001; 56(6):M366–72.

17. Yesavage JA, Sheikh JI. 9/Geriatric depression scale (GDS) recent evidence and development of a shorter version. Clinical Gerontologist. 1986; 5(1-2):165–73. https://doi.org/10.1300/J018v05n01_09.

18. Kee BS. A preliminary study for the standardization of geriatric depression scale short form-Korea version. Journal of Korean Neuropsychiatric Association. 1996; 35(2):298–307.

19. Travaline JM, Ruchinskas RR, D'Alonzo GE. Patient-physician communication: why and how. The Journals of the American Osteopathic Association. 2005; 105(1):13–8.

20. The EuroQol Group. EuroQol-a new facility for the measurement of health-related quality of life. Health Policy. 1990; 16(3):199–208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-8510(90)90421-9.

21. Nam H, Kim K, Kwon S, Koh K, Poul K. EQ-5D Korean valu-ation study using time trade off method. Seoul: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2007.

22. Ensrud KE, Ewing SK, Taylor BC, Fink HA, Cawthon PM, Stone KL, et al. Comparison of 2 frailty indexes for prediction of falls, disability, fractures, and death in older women. Archives of Internal Medicine. 2008; 168(4):382–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2007.113.

23. Chung YH, Cho YH. Gender difference in quality of life after controlling for related factors among korean young-old and old-old elderly. Journal of Agricultural Medicine and Community Health. 2014; 39(3):176–86. https://doi.org/10.5393/JAMCH.2014.39.3.176.

24. Botoseneanu A, Allore HG, Mendes de Leon CF, Gahbauer EA, Gill TM. Sex differences in concomitant trajectories of self- reported disability and measured physical capacity in older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biomedical Sciences and Medical Science. 2016; 71(8):1056–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glw038.

25. Kim KE, Park WB, Oh MK, Kang EK, Lim JY, Yang EJ, et al. The effect of physical performance and physical activity on quality of life in old people: the Korean longitudinal study on health and aging. Journal of the Korean Geriatric Society. 2010; 14(4):212–20. https://doi.org/10.4235/jkgs.2010.14.4.212.

26. Sternäng O, Reynolds CA, Finkel D, Ernsth-Bravell M, Pedersen NL, Dahl Aslan AK. Factors associated with grip strength de-cline in older adults. Age and Ageing. 2015; 44(2):269–74. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afu170.

27. Jing MJ, Wang JJ, Lin WQ, Lei YX, Wang PX. A commun-ity-based cross-sectional study of fatigue in middle-aged and elderly women. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2015; 79(4):288–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.05.009.

28. Nishi A, Kondo K, Hirai H, Kawachi I. Cohort profile: the ages 2003 cohort study in Aichi, Japan. Journal of Epidemiology. 2011; 21(2):151–7. https://doi.org/10.2188/jea.JE20100135.

29. Oh YH. The health status of older koreans and policy considerations. Health and Welfare Policy Forum: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. 2015 May. 29–39.

30. Chiu C, Feuz MA, McMahan RD, Miao Y, Sudore RL. " Doctor, make my decisions": decision control preferences, advance care planning, and satisfaction with communication among diverse older adults. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management. 2016; 51(1):33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.07.018.