Nat Prod Sci.  2017 Dec;23(4):274-280. 10.20307/nps.2017.23.4.274.

Phenolic Compounds from the Leaves of Homonoia riparia and their Inhibitory Effects on Advanced Glycation End Product Formation

• Lee IS
• Jung SH
• Kim CS
• Kim JS

• KMID: 2401580
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.20307/nps.2017.23.4.274

Abstract

In a search for novel treatments for diabetic complications from natural resources, we found that the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction from the 80% ethanol extract of the leaves of Homonoia riparia has a considerable inhibitory effect on advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation. Bioassay-guided isolation of this fraction resulted in identification of 15 phenolic compounds (1 - 15). These compounds were evaluated in vitro for inhibitory activity against the formation of AGE. The majority of tested compounds, excluding ethyl gallate (15), markedly inhibited AGE formation, with ICâ‚…â‚€ values of 2.2 - 89.9 µM, compared with that of the positive control, aminoguanidine (ICâ‚…â‚€ = 962.3 µM). In addition, the effects of active isolates on the dilation of hyaloid-retinal vessels induced by high glucose (HG) in larval zebrafish was investigated; (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (6), corilagin (7), and desmanthine-2 (11) significantly decreased HG-induced dilation of hyaloid-retinal vessels compared with the HG-treated control group.

Keyword

Homonoia riparia; Euphorbiaceae; Advanced glycation end product; Zebrafish; Diabetic complication

MeSH Terms

Diabetes Complications
Ethanol
Euphorbiaceae
Glucose
In Vitro Techniques
Natural Resources
Phenol*
Zebrafish
Ethanol
Glucose
Phenol

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 The chemical structures of isolated compounds (1 – 15) from the leaves of H. riparia.

• 

  Fig. 2 Effects of compounds 6, 7, and 11 on dilation of hyaloidretinal vessels in a high-glucose (HG)-induced diabetic retinopathy model. Hyaloid-retinal vessels of flk:EGFP transgenic zebrafish from the following groups: (A) untreated normal (NOR); (B) HG-treated control (HG); HG-treated specimens receiving (C) 10 µM, and (D) 20 µM compound 6; HG-treated specimens receiving (E) 10 µM, and (F) 20 µM compound 7; HG-treated specimens receiving (G) 10 mM, and (H) 20 mM compound 11. (I) Data are displayed as mean artificial units (AU) for vessel diameters. The diameters of hyaloid-retinal vessels were measured at locations proximal to the optic disc (red circle). Scale bar = 50 µm. The hyaloid vessel diameter of each lens was measured three times and the experiment was performed in triplicate. ###p < 0.001 vs. NOR, *p < 0.05 vs. HG, **p < 0.01 vs. HG, ***p < 0.001 vs. HG.

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