Korean J Community Nutr.  2017 Oct;22(5):441-455. 10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.5.441.

Relation between Beverage Consumption Pattern and Metabolic Syndrome among Healthy Korean Adults

• Dennis EJ
• Kang M
• Han SN

• KMID: 2395250
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2017.22.5.441

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this study is to describe beverage patterns among healthy Korean adults and investigate their association with prevalence and components of metabolic syndrome.
METHODS
Subjects consisted of 6,927 Korean adults, aged 19-64 years in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2013-2015). Beverages were regrouped into twelve groups based on food codes and beverage intake (g/day) was assessed by 24-hour recall. Factor analysis was used to obtain beverage patterns. Waist circumference and body mass index (BMI) were used as anthropometric data; fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), and blood pressure were used as biochemical indicators. The odds ratio (OR) for prevalence of metabolic syndrome and components of metabolic syndrome was assessed using logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
Three beverage patterns were identified using factor analysis: 1) carbonated soft drinks 2) coffee (without added sugar or powdered creamer), and 3) alcoholic beverages. Subjects with high scores for the carbonated soft drink and coffee without added sugar or powdered creamer patterns were younger and subjects with high scores for the alcoholic beverage pattern were older. There were significant differences in gender distribution in all three beverage patterns, with men more likely to have high scores for carbonated soft drink and alcoholic beverage patterns. On the other hand, women were more likely to have higher scores for coffee without added sugar or powdered creamer pattern. Within each pattern, there were significant differences in sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics such as education, household income, frequency of eating out, and smoking status according to the quartile of pattern scores. Alcoholic beverages and carbonated soft drinks patterns were associated with an increased levels of metabolic syndrome components, but coffee without added sugar or powdered creamer was not associated with any of metabolic syndrome components in healthy Korean adults after adjusting for age, sex, education, BMI, weight management, household income, smoking status, frequency of eating out, and energy intake.
CONCLUSIONS
Alcoholic beverages and carbonated soft drinks patterns are associated with increased levels of metabolic syndrome components while coffee without added sugar or powdered creamer pattern is not associated with any of metabolic syndrome components in healthy Korean adults.

Keyword

beverage pattern; metabolic syndrome; Korean adults

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Alcoholic Beverages
Beverages*
Blood Glucose
Blood Pressure
Body Mass Index
Carbon
Carbonated Beverages
Coffee
Eating
Education
Energy Intake
Family Characteristics
Fasting
Female
Hand
Humans
Korea
Life Style
Lipoproteins
Logistic Models
Male
Nutrition Surveys
Odds Ratio
Prevalence
Smoke
Smoking
Triglycerides
Waist Circumference
Blood Glucose
Carbon
Coffee
Lipoproteins
Smoke

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