J Nutr Health.  2017 Jun;50(3):270-283. 10.4163/jnh.2017.50.3.270.

Coffee consumption behaviors, dietary habits, and dietary nutrient intakes according to coffee intake amount among university students

• Kim SH

• KMID: 2386628
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2017.50.3.270

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study was conducted to examine coffee consumption behaviors, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes by coffee intake amount among university students.
METHODS
Questionnaires were distributed to 300 university students randomly selected in Gongju. Dietary survey was administered during two weekdays by the food record method.
RESULTS
Subjects were divided into three groups: NCG (non-coffee group), LCG (low coffee group, 1~2 cups/d), and HCG (high coffee group, 3 cups/d) by coffee intake amount and subjects' distribution. Coffee intake frequency was significantly greater in the HCG compared to the LCG (p < 0.001). The HCG was more likely to intake dripped coffee with or without milk and/or sugar than the LCG (p < 0.05). More than 80% of coffee drinkers chose their favorite coffee or accompanying snacks regardless of energy content. More than 75% of coffee takers did not eat accompanying snacks instead of meals, and the HCG ate them more frequently than LCG (p < 0.05). Breakfast skipping rate was high while vegetable and fruit intakes were very low in most subjects. Subjects who drank carbonated drinks, sweet beverages, or alcohol were significantly greater in number in the LCG and HCG than in the NCG (p < 0.01). Energy intakes from coffee were 0.88 ± 5.62 kcal/d and 7.07 ± 16.93 kcal/d for the LCG and HCG. For total subjects, daily mean dietary energy intake was low at less than 72% of estimated energy requirement. Levels of vitamin C and calcium were lower than the estimated average requirements while that of vitamin D was low (24~34% of adequate intake). There was no difference in nutrient intakes by coffee intake amount, except protein, vitamin A, and niacin.
CONCLUSION
Coffee intake amount did not affect dietary nutrient intakes. Dietary habits were poor,and most nutrient intakes were lower than recommend levels. High intakes of coffee seemed to be related with high consumption of sweet beverages and alcohol. Therefore, it is necessary to improve nutritional intakes and encourage proper water intake habits, including coffee intake, for improved nutritional status of subjects.

Keyword

coffee intakes; dietary habits; beverage consumption; nutrient intake; university students

MeSH Terms

Ascorbic Acid
Beverages
Breakfast
Calcium
Carbonated Beverages
Chungcheongnam-do
Coffee*
Drinking
Energy Intake
Food Habits*
Fruit
Humans
Meals
Methods
Milk
Niacin
Nutritional Status
Snacks
Vegetables
Vitamin A
Vitamin D
Ascorbic Acid
Calcium
Coffee
Niacin
Vitamin A
Vitamin D

Reference

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