1. McMurray JJ. Clinical practice. Systolic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2010; 362:228–238. PMID:
20089973.
2. Jessup M, Brozena S. Heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348:2007–2018. PMID:
12748317.
3. Ghali JK, Cooper R, Ford E. Trends in hospitalization rates for heart failure in the United States, 1973-1986. Evidence for increasing population prevalence. Arch Intern Med. 1990; 150:769–773. PMID:
2327838.
4. McNamara DM, Starling RC, Cooper LT, Boehmer JP, Mather PJ, Janosko KM, Gorcsan J 3rd, Kip KE, Dec GW. IMAC Investigators. Clinical and demographic predictors of outcomes in recent onset dilated cardiomyopathy: results of the IMAC (Intervention in Myocarditis and Acute Cardiomyopathy)-2 study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011; 58:1112–1118. PMID:
21884947.
5. Hunt SA, Abraham WT, Chin MH, Feldman AM, Francis GS, Ganiats TG, Jessup M, Konstam MA, Mancini DM, Michl K, Oates JA, Rahko PS, Silver MA, Stevenson LW, Yancy CW. 2009 focused update incorporated into the ACC/AHA 2005 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Heart Failure in Adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines: developed in collaboration with the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Circulation. 2009; 119:e391–e479. PMID:
19324966.
6. Senni M, Rodeheffer RJ, Tribouilloy CM, Evans JM, Jacobsen SJ, Bailey KR, Redfield MM. Use of echocardiography in the management of congestive heart failure in the community. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999; 33:164–170. PMID:
9935024.
7. Douglas PS, Khandheria B, Stainback RF, Weissman NJ, Brindis RG, Patel MR, Khandheria B, Alpert JS, Fitzgerald D, Heidenreich P, Martin ET, Messer JV, Miller AB, Picard MH, Raggi P, Reed KD, Rumsfeld JS, Steimle AE, Tonkovic R, Vijayaraghavan K, Weissman NJ, Yeon SB, Brindis RG, Douglas PS, Hendel RC, Patel MR, Peterson E, Wolk MJ, Allen JM. American College of Cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness Criteria Working Group. American Society of Echocardiography. American College of Emergency Physicians. American Society of Nuclear Cardiology. Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions. Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. American College of Chest Physicians. Society of Critical Care Medicine. ACCF/ASE/ACEP/ASNC/SCAI/SCCT/SCMR 2007 appropriateness criteria for transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation Quality Strategic Directions Committee Appropriateness Criteria Working Group, American Society of Echocardiography, American College of Emergency Physicians, American Society of Nuclear Cardiology, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography, and the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance endorsed by the American College of Chest Physicians and the Society of Critical Care Medicine. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007; 50:187–204. PMID:
17616306.
8. Otterstad JE, Froeland G, St John Sutton M, Holme I. Accuracy and reproducibility of biplane two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements of left ventricular dimensions and function. Eur Heart J. 1997; 18:507–513. PMID:
9076390.
9. Afridi I, Kleiman NS, Raizner AE, Zoghbi WA. Dobutamine echocardiography in myocardial hibernation. Optimal dose and accuracy in predicting recovery of ventricular function after coronary angioplasty. Circulation. 1995; 91:663–670. PMID:
7828291.
10. Tsuchihashi K, Ueshima K, Uchida T, Oh-mura N, Kimura K, Owa M, Yoshiyama M, Miyazaki S, Haze K, Ogawa H, Honda T, Hase M, Kai R, Morii I. Angina Pectoris-Myocardial Infarction Investigations in Japan. Transient left ventricular apical ballooning without coronary artery stenosis: a novel heart syndrome mimicking acute myocardial infarction. Angina Pectoris-Myocardial Infarction Investigations in Japan. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001; 38:11–18. PMID:
11451258.
11. Sharkey SW, Lesser JR, Zenovich AG, Maron MS, Lindberg J, Longe TF, Maron BJ. Acute and reversible cardiomyopathy provoked by stress in women from the United States. Circulation. 2005; 111:472–479. PMID:
15687136.
12. Mahrholdt H, Wagner A, Holly TA, Elliott MD, Bonow RO, Kim RJ, Judd RM. Reproducibility of chronic infarct size measurement by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 2002; 106:2322–2327. PMID:
12403661.
13. Kilner PJ, Gatehouse PD, Firmin DN. Flow measurement by magnetic resonance: a unique asset worth optimising. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2007; 9:723–728. PMID:
17613655.
14. Mahrholdt H, Wagner A, Judd RM, Sechtem U, Kim RJ. Delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J. 2005; 26:1461–1474. PMID:
15831557.
15. Mahrholdt H, Goedecke C, Wagner A, Meinhardt G, Athanasiadis A, Vogelsberg H, Fritz P, Klingel K, Kandolf R, Sechtem U. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis: a comparison to histology and molecular pathology. Circulation. 2004; 109:1250–1258. PMID:
14993139.
16. Assomull RG, Shakespeare C, Kalra PR, Lloyd G, Gulati A, Strange J, Bradlow WM, Lyne J, Keegan J, Poole-Wilson P, Cowie MR, Pennell DJ, Prasad SK. Role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance as a gatekeeper to invasive coronary angiography in patients presenting with heart failure of unknown etiology. Circulation. 2011; 124:1351–1360. PMID:
21900085.
17. Aletras AH, Tilak GS, Natanzon A, Hsu LY, Gonzalez FM, Hoyt RF Jr, Arai AE. Retrospective determination of the area at risk for reperfused acute myocardial infarction with T2-weighted cardiac magnetic resonance imaging: histopathological and displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) functional validations. Circulation. 2006; 113:1865–1870. PMID:
16606793.
18. Abdel-Aty H, Boyé P, Zagrosek A, Wassmuth R, Kumar A, Messroghli D, Bock P, Dietz R, Friedrich MG, Schulz-Menger J. Diagnostic performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with suspected acute myocarditis: comparison of different approaches. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45:1815–1822. PMID:
15936612.
19. Kellman P, Aletras AH, Mancini C, McVeigh ER, Arai AE. T2-prepared SSFP improves diagnostic confidence in edema imaging in acute myocardial infarction compared to turbo spin echo. Magn Reson Med. 2007; 57:891–897. PMID:
17457880.
20. Blume U, Lockie T, Stehning C, Sinclair S, Uribe S, Razavi R, Schaeffter T. Interleaved T(1) and T(2) relaxation time mapping for cardiac applications. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009; 29:480–487. PMID:
19161206.
21. Sparrow P, Messroghli DR, Reid S, Ridgway JP, Bainbridge G, Sivananthan MU. Myocardial T1 mapping for detection of left ventricular myocardial fibrosis in chronic aortic regurgitation: pilot study. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2006; 187:W630–W635. PMID:
17114517.
22. Felker GM, Thompson RE, Hare JM, Hruban RH, Clemetson DE, Howard DL, Baughman KL, Kasper EK. Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342:1077–1084. PMID:
10760308.
23. Friedrich MG, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J, Holmvang G, Alakija P, Cooper LT, White JA, Abdel-Aty H, Gutberlet M, Prasad S, Aletras A, Laissy JP, Paterson I, Filipchuk NG, Kumar A, Pauschinger M, Liu P. International Consensus Group on Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Myocarditis. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: A JACC White Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009; 53:1475–1487. PMID:
19389557.
24. McCarthy RE 3rd, Boehmer JP, Hruban RH, Hutchins GM, Kasper EK, Hare JM, Baughman KL. Long-term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis. N Engl J Med. 2000; 342:690–695. PMID:
10706898.
25. Felker GM, Boehmer JP, Hruban RH, Hutchins GM, Kasper EK, Baughman KL, Hare JM. Echocardiographic findings in fulminant and acute myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000; 36:227–232. PMID:
10898439.
26. Pearson GD, Veille JC, Rahimtoola S, Hsia J, Oakley CM, Hosenpud JD, Ansari A, Baughman KL. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and Office of Rare Diseases (National Institutes of Health) workshop recommendations and review. JAMA. 2000; 283:1183–1188. PMID:
10703781.
27. Martin JA, Kung HC, Mathews TJ, Hoyert DL, Strobino DM, Guyer B, Sutton SR. Annual summary of vital statistics: 2006. Pediatrics. 2008; 121:788–801. PMID:
18381544.
28. Witlin AG, Mabie WC, Sibai BM. Peripartum cardiomyopathy: a longitudinal echocardiographic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1997; 177:1129–1132. PMID:
9396907.
29. Cooper LT, Mather PJ, Alexis JD, Pauly DF, Torre-Amione G, Wittstein IS, Dec GW, Zucker M, Narula J, Kip K, McNamara DM. IMAC2 Investigators. Myocardial recovery in peripartum cardiomyopathy: prospective comparison with recent onset cardiomyopathy in men and nonperipartum women. J Card Fail. 2012; 18:28–33. PMID:
22196838.
30. Barone-Rochette G, Rodière M, Lantuejoul S. Value of cardiac MRI in peripartum cardiomyopathy. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2011; 104:263–264. PMID:
21624795.
31. Kawano H, Tsuneto A, Koide Y, Tasaki H, Sueyoshi E, Sakamoto I, Hayashi T. Magnetic resonance imaging in a patient with peripartum cardiomyopathy. Intern Med. 2008; 47:97–102. PMID:
18195498.
32. Sliwa K, Blauwet L, Tibazarwa K, Libhaber E, Smedema JP, Becker A, McMurray J, Yamac H, Labidi S, Struman I, Hilfiker-Kleiner D. Evaluation of bromocriptine in the treatment of acute severe peripartum cardiomyopathy: a proof-of-concept pilot study. Circulation. 2010; 121:1465–1473. PMID:
20308616.
33. Elkayam U, Tummala PP, Rao K, Akhter MW, Karaalp IS, Wani OR, Hameed A, Gviazda I, Shotan A. Maternal and fetal outcomes of subsequent pregnancies in women with peripartum cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med. 2001; 344:1567–1571. PMID:
11372007.
34. Pavin D, Le Breton H, Daubert C. Human stress cardiomyopathy mimicking acute myocardial syndrome. Heart. 1997; 78:509–511. PMID:
9415014.
35. Park JH, Kang SJ, Song JK, Kim HK, Lim CM, Kang DH, Koh Y. Left ventricular apical ballooning due to severe physical stress in patients admitted to the medical ICU. Chest. 2005; 128:296–302. PMID:
16002949.
36. Hurst RT, Askew JW, Reuss CS, Lee RW, Sweeney JP, Fortuin FD, Oh JK, Tajik AJ. Transient midventricular ballooning syndrome: a new variant. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 48:579–583. PMID:
16875987.
37. Kawai S, Kitabatake A, Tomoike H. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Group. Guidelines for diagnosis of takotsubo (ampulla) cardiomyopathy. Circ J. 2007; 71:990–992. PMID:
17527002.
38. Haghi D, Athanasiadis A, Papavassiliu T, Suselbeck T, Fluechter S, Mahrholdt H, Borggrefe M, Sechtem U. Right ventricular involvement in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Eur Heart J. 2006; 27:2433–2439. PMID:
17000628.
39. Haghi D, Fluechter S, Suselbeck T, Kaden JJ, Borggrefe M, Papavassiliu T. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in typical versus atypical forms of the acute apical ballooning syndrome (Takotsubo cardiomyopathy). Int J Cardiol. 2007; 120:205–211. PMID:
17175045.
40. Eitel I, von Knobelsdorff-Brenkenhoff F, Bernhardt P, Carbone I, Muellerleile K, Aldrovandi A, Francone M, Desch S, Gutberlet M, Strohm O, Schuler G, Schulz-Menger J, Thiele H, Friedrich MG. Clinical characteristics and cardiovascular magnetic resonance findings in stress (takotsubo) cardiomyopathy. JAMA. 2011; 306:277–286. PMID:
21771988.
41. Abdel-Aty H, Cocker M, Friedrich MG. Myocardial edema is a feature of Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy and is related to the severity of systolic dysfunction: insights from T2-weighted cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Int J Cardiol. 2009; 132:291–293. PMID:
18086501.
42. Shin SK, Jin SA, Park YK, Park JH. A Case of Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Mimicking Stress Induced Cardiomyopathy; Demonstration of Typical Echocardiographic Finding Correlated with Unusual Distribution of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2010; 18:101–103. PMID:
20967158.
43. Haft JI. Cardiovascular injury induced by sympathetic catecholamines. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1974; 17:73–86. PMID:
4599470.
44. Kim EM, Park JH, Park YS, Lee JH, Choi SW, Jeong JO, Seong IW. Catecholamines may play an important role in the pathogenesis of transient mid- and basal ventricular ballooning syndrome. J Korean Med Sci. 2008; 23:898–902. PMID:
18955801.
45. Jacobs LJ. Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy induced by methamphetamine. Clin Cardiol. 1989; 12:725–727. PMID:
2612079.
46. Imperato-McGinley J, Gautier T, Ehlers K, Zullo MA, Goldstein DS, Vaughan ED Jr. Reversibility of catecholamine-induced dilated cardiomyopathy in a child with a pheochromocytoma. N Engl J Med. 1987; 316:793–797. PMID:
2881206.
47. Park JH, Kim KS, Sul JY, Shin SK, Kim JH, Lee JH, Choi SW, Jeong JO, Seong IW. Prevalence and patterns of left ventricular dysfunction in patients with pheochromocytoma. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound. 2011; 19:76–82. PMID:
21860721.
48. Lam JB, Shub C, Sheps SG. Reversible dilatation of hypertrophied left ventricle in pheochromocytoma: serial two-dimensional echocardiographic observations. Am Heart J. 1985; 109(3 Pt 1):613–615. PMID:
3156478.
49. Roghi A, Pedrotti P, Milazzo A, Bonacina E, Bucciarelli-Ducci C. Adrenergic myocarditis in pheochromocytoma. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2011; 13:4. PMID:
21223554.
50. Woeber KA. Thyrotoxicosis and the heart. N Engl J Med. 1992; 327:94–98. PMID:
1603141.
51. Levey GS, Klein I. Catecholamine-thyroid hormone interactions and the cardiovascular manifestations of hyperthyroidism. Am J Med. 1990; 88:642–646. PMID:
2189309.
52. Dahl P, Danzi S, Klein I. Thyrotoxic cardiac disease. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2008; 5:170–176. PMID:
18752767.
53. Radhakrishnan A, Granato JE. An association between Takotsubo cardiomyopathy and thyroid storm. Postgrad Med. 2009; 121:126–130. PMID:
19491550.
54. Thebault C, Leurent G, Potier J, Bedossa M, Bonnet F. A case of thyroid storm following radioiodine therapy underlying usefulness of cardiac MRI. Eur J Intern Med. 2009; 20:e136–e137. PMID:
19782905.
55. Derish M, Eckert K, Chin C. Reversible cardiomyopathy in a child with Addison's disease. Intensive Care Med. 1996; 22:460–463. PMID:
8796402.
56. Bouachour G, Tirot P, Varache N, Gouello JP, Harry P, Alquier P. Hemodynamic changes in acute adrenal insufficiency. Intensive Care Med. 1994; 20:138–141. PMID:
8201094.
57. Legrand V, Beckers A, Pham VT, Demoulin JC, Stevenaert A. Dramatic improvement of severe dilated cardiomyopathy in an acromegalic patient after treatment with octreotide and trans-sphenoidal surgery. Eur Heart J. 1994; 15:1286–1289. PMID:
7982434.
58. Gouya H, Vignaux O, Le Roux P, Chanson P, Bertherat J, Bertagna X, Legmann P. Rapidly reversible myocardial edema in patients with acromegaly: assessment with ultrafast T2 mapping in a single-breath-hold MRI sequence. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008; 190:1576–1582. PMID:
18492909.
59. Frustaci A, Perrone GA, Gentiloni N, Russo MA. Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy due to growth hormone deficiency. Am J Clin Pathol. 1992; 97:503–511. PMID:
1553916.
60. Shinbane JS, Wood MA, Jensen DN, Ellenbogen KA, Fitzpatrick AP, Scheinman MM. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy: a review of animal models and clinical studies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997; 29:709–715. PMID:
9091514.
61. Moe GW, Stopps TP, Howard RJ, Armstrong PW. Early recovery from heart failure: insights into the pathogenesis of experimental chronic pacing-induced heart failure. J Lab Clin Med. 1988; 112:426–432. PMID:
3171352.
62. Chugh SS, Shen WK, Luria DM, Smith HC. First evidence of premature ventricular complex-induced cardiomyopathy: a potentially reversible cause of heart failure. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2000; 11:328–329. PMID:
10749356.
63. Umana E, Solares CA, Alpert MA. Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. Am J Med. 2003; 114:51–55. PMID:
12543289.
64. Redfield MM, Kay GN, Jenkins LS, Mianulli M, Jensen DN, Ellenbogen KA. Tachycardia-related cardiomyopathy: a common cause of ventricular dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation referred for atrioventricular ablation. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000; 75:790–795. PMID:
10943231.
65. Nerheim P, Birger-Botkin S, Piracha L, Olshansky B. Heart failure and sudden death in patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy and recurrent tachycardia. Circulation. 2004; 110:247–252. PMID:
15226218.
66. Clark DM, Plumb VJ, Epstein AE, Kay GN. Hemodynamic effects of an irregular sequence of ventricular cycle lengths during atrial fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997; 30:1039–1045. PMID:
9316536.
67. Darsee JR, Nutter DO. Reversible severe congestive cardiomyopathy in three cases of hypophosphatemia. Ann Intern Med. 1978; 89:867–870. PMID:
363007.
68. Shimon I, Almog S, Vered Z, Seligmann H, Shefi M, Peleg E, Rosenthal T, Motro M, Halkin H, Ezra D. Improved left ventricular function after thiamine supplementation in patients with congestive heart failure receiving long-term furosemide therapy. Am J Med. 1995; 98:485–490. PMID:
7733128.
69. Hanninen SA, Darling PB, Sole MJ, Barr A, Keith ME. The prevalence of thiamin deficiency in hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006; 47:354–361. PMID:
16412860.
70. Park JH, Lee JH, Jeong JO, Seong IW, Choi SW. Thiamine deficiency as a rare cause of reversible severe pulmonary hypertension. Int J Cardiol. 2007; 121:e1–e3. PMID:
17346820.
71. Koike H, Watanabe H, Inukai A, Iijima M, Mori K, Hattori N, Sobue G. Myopathy in thiamine deficiency: analysis of a case. J Neurol Sci. 2006; 249:175–179. PMID:
16920153.
72. Bashour T, Basha HS, Cheng TO. Hypocalcemic cardiomyopathy. Chest. 1980; 78:663–665. PMID:
6448134.
73. Ino T, Sherwood WG, Benson LN, Wilson GJ, Freedom RM, Rowe RD. Cardiac manifestations in disorders of fat and carnitine metabolism in infancy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988; 11:1301–1308. PMID:
3367006.
74. Helton E, Darragh R, Francis P, Fricker FJ, Jue K, Koch G, Mair D, Pierpont ME, Prochazka JV, Linn LS, Winter SC. Metabolic aspects of myocardial disease and a role for L-carnitine in the treatment of childhood cardiomyopathy. Pediatrics. 2000; 105:1260–1270. PMID:
10835067.
75. Reeves WC, Marcuard SP, Willis SE, Movahed A. Reversible cardiomyopathy due to selenium deficiency. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1989; 13:663–665. PMID:
2614867.
76. Rahko PS, Salerni R, Uretsky BF. Successful reversal by chelation therapy of congestive cardiomyopathy due to iron overload. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986; 8:436–440. PMID:
3734266.
77. Nakamura M, Satoh M, Kowada S, Satoh H, Tashiro A, Sato F, Masuda T, Hiramori K. Reversible restrictive cardiomyopathy due to light-chain deposition disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 2002; 77:193–196. PMID:
11838655.
78. Keefe DL. Anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy. Semin Oncol. 2001; 28(4 Suppl 12):2–7. PMID:
11552224.
79. Regan TJ. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1984; 27:141–152. PMID:
6093193.
80. Demakis JG, Proskey A, Rahimtoola SH, Jamil M, Sutton GC, Rosen KM, Gunnar RM, Tobin JR. The natural course of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Ann Intern Med. 1974; 80:293–297. PMID:
4273902.
81. Matsui Y, Iwai K, Tachibana T, Fruie T, Shigematsu N, Izumi T, Homma AH, Mikami R, Hongo O, Hiraga Y, Yamamoto M. Clinicopathological study of fatal myocardial sarcoidosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1976; 278:455–469. PMID:
1067031.
82. Silverman KJ, Hutchins GM, Bulkley BH. Cardiac sarcoid: a clinicopathologic study of 84 unselected patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Circulation. 1978; 58:1204–1211. PMID:
709777.
83. Baughman RP, Teirstein AS, Judson MA, Rossman MD, Yeager H Jr, Bresnitz EA, DePalo L, Hunninghake G, Iannuzzi MC, Johns CJ, McLennan G, Moller DR, Newman LS, Rabin DL, Rose C, Rybicki B, Weinberger SE, Terrin ML, Knatterud GL, Cherniak R. Case Control Etiologic Study of Sarcoidosis (ACCESS) research group. Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001; 164(10 Pt 1):1885–1889. PMID:
11734441.
84. Roberts WC, McAllister HA Jr, Ferrans VJ. Sarcoidosis of the heart. A clinicopathologic study of 35 necropsy patients (group 1) and review of 78 previously described necropsy patients (group 11). Am J Med. 1977; 63:86–108. PMID:
327806.
85. Burstow DJ, Tajik AJ, Bailey KR, DeRemee RA, Taliercio CP. Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in systemic sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 1989; 63:478–482. PMID:
2916434.
86. Gibbons WJ, Levy RD, Nava S, Malcolm I, Marin JM, Tardif C, Magder S, Lisbona R, Cosio MG. Subclinical cardiac dysfunction in sarcoidosis. Chest. 1991; 100:44–50. PMID:
2060390.
87. Smedema JP, Snoep G, van Kroonenburgh MP, van Geuns RJ, Dassen WR, Gorgels AP, Crijns HJ. Evaluation of the accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45:1683–1690. PMID:
15893188.
88. Chiu CZ, Nakatani S, Zhang G, Tachibana T, Ohmori F, Yamagishi M, Kitakaze M, Tomoike H, Miyatake K. Prevention of left ventricular remodeling by long-term corticosteroid therapy in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2005; 95:143–146. PMID:
15619415.
89. Chapelon-Abric C, de Zuttere D, Duhaut P, Veyssier P, Wechsler B, Huong DL, de Gennes C, Papo T, Blétry O, Godeau P, Piette JC. Cardiac sarcoidosis: a retrospective study of 41 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2004; 83:315–334. PMID:
15525844.
90. Satran D, Henry CR, Adkinson C, Nicholson CI, Bracha Y, Henry TD. Cardiovascular manifestations of moderate to severe carbon monoxide poisoning. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 45:1513–1516. PMID:
15862427.
91. Ahn KT, Park JH, Kim MS, Park YS, Kim YJ, Lee IS, Kim JH, Lee JH, Choi SW, Jeong JO, Seong IW. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of left ventricular systolic dysfunction after carbon monoxide exposure. Int J Cardiol. 2011; 153:108–110. PMID:
21958753.
92. Henry TD, Lesser JR, Satran D. Myocardial fibrosis from severe carbon monoxide poisoning detected by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Circulation. 2008; 118:792. PMID:
18695205.
93. Chokshi SK, Moore R, Pandian NG, Isner JM. Reversible cardiomyopathy associated with cocaine intoxication. Ann Intern Med. 1989; 111:1039–1040. PMID:
2596771.
94. Robaei D, Grieve SM, Nelson GC, Bhindi R, Figtree GA. Cocaine-induced epicardial coronary artery thrombosis resulting in extensive myocardial injury assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J. 2010; 31:2446. PMID:
20605800.
95. Hering SE, Jurca M, Vichi FL, Azevedo-Marques MM, Cupo P. Reversible cardiomyopathy in patients with severe scorpion envenoming by Tityus serrulatus: evolution of enzymatic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic alterations. Ann Trop Paediatr. 1993; 13:173–182. PMID:
7687114.
96. Sonnenblick M, Rosenmann D, Rosin A. Reversible cardiomyopathy induced by interferon. BMJ. 1990; 300:1174–1175. PMID:
2346805.
97. Ting JY. Reversible cardiomyopathy associated with acute inhaled marijuana use in a young adult. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2007; 45:432–434. PMID:
17486490.
98. Goel M, Flaherty L, Lavine S, Redman BG. Reversible cardiomyopathy after high-dose interleukin-2 therapy. J Immunother (1991). 1992; 11:225–229. PMID:
1515427.
99. Hunt SA. American College of Cardiology. American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). ACC/AHA 2005 guideline update for the diagnosis and management of chronic heart failure in the adult: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Update the 2001 Guidelines for the Evaluation and Management of Heart Failure). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005; 46:e1–e82. PMID:
16168273.