Int J Stem Cells.  2015 Nov;8(2):181-190. 10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.2.181.

Comparative Histological Study on the Therapeutic Effect of Green Tea and Stem Cells in Alzheimer's Disease Complicating Experimentally Induced Diabetes

• Bassiony H
• Zickri MB
• Metwally H
• Elsherif H
• Alghandour SM
• Sakr W

• KMID: 2380812
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.15283/ijsc.2015.8.2.181

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder. Increasing evidence implicates diabetes mellitus (DM) as a risk factor for AD. Green tea (GT) has several beneficial effects attributed to its anti-oxidant phenolic compounds. Adipose tissue is a rich source of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs). This study was designed to evaluate and compare the possible therapeutic effect of green tea extract (GTE) and ADSCs on AD complicating induced DM in male rat.
METHODS
31 adult male albino rats were divided into 5 groups. Group I (Control), Group II received GTE, 50 mg/kg daily orally for 4 weeks, Group III received a single intraperitoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ), 50 mg/kg, Group IV: received STZ followed by GTE and Group V: received STZ followed by human ADSCs (hADSCs) intravenously.
RESULTS
Multiple acidophilic masses, deformed neurons, Congo red +ve masses and Caspase 3 +ve neurons were seen in group III, became few in group IV and occasional in group V. Multiple Prussian blue +ve cells were detected in group V. Some CD44 +ve cells were noticed in group III, became multiple in groups IV and V. The mean area of neurons exhibiting acidophilic cytoplasm, mean area of amyloid plaques and mean area % of Caspase 3 +ve cells indicated a significant increase in group III. The mean area % of CD44 +ve cells recorded a significant increase in group IV.
CONCLUSIONS
hADSCs exerted a more marked therapeutic effect on the neurodegenerative changes complicating DM and corresponding to AD.

Keyword

Alzheimer's disease; Diabetes mellitus; Streptozotocin; Green tea extract; Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells

MeSH Terms

Adipose Tissue
Adult
Alzheimer Disease*
Animals
Caspase 3
Congo Red
Cytoplasm
Diabetes Mellitus
Humans
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Male
Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Neurodegenerative Diseases
Neurons
Phenol
Plaque, Amyloid
Rats
Risk Factors
Stem Cells*
Streptozocin
Tea*
Caspase 3
Congo Red
Phenol
Streptozocin
Tea

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 H&E (x400): Sections in the rat cerebral cortex of group I showing (A) Multiple pyramidal (p), stellate (s) neurons and microglia (m) in EP layer. (B) Large pyramidal (p), stellate (s), granule cells (g), astrocytes (a) and microglia (m) in IP layer.

• 

  Fig. 2 H&E (x400): Sections in the rat cerebral cortex of group III showing (A) Multiple deformed neurons (d) and multiple neurons exhibiting dark nuclei and acidophilic cytoplasm (arrowheads) in EP layer. Two of the latter neurons fuse together (F). Note multiple dividing microglia (dm). (B) A large acidophilic mass overlied by spindle cells and dark nuclei (bifid arrow), multiple deformed neurons (d) and multiple microglia (m) in EP layer. (C) Two acidophilic masses exhibiting dark nuclei (arrows), another reveals margination of nuclei (bifid arrow), fusion of two masses (F), wide areas of vacuolated neuropil (wavy arrows), dividing microglia (dm) and normal granule cells (g) in IP layer.

• 

  Fig. 3 H&E (x400): Sections in the rat cerebral cortex in EP layer of (A) Group IV showing a small multinucleated acidophilic mass (arrow), few deformed neurons (d), few neurons exhibiting acidophilic cytoplasm and dark nuclei (arrowheads) and multiple normal pyramidal cells (p). (B) Group V showing two neurons exhibiting acidophilic cytoplasm and dark nucleus (arrowheads), a deformed neuron (d) and multiple normal pyramidal cells (p).

• 

  Fig. 4 Congo red (x200): Sections in the rat cerebral cortex of (A, B) Group I showing dull red staining of pyramidal cells (p) and the neuropil (n) in EP and IP layers respectively. (C, D) Group III showing multiple strongly +ve masses, small (arrowheads) and large (arrows) in EP and IP layers respectively. (E, F) Groups IV and V showing few strongly +ve small masses (arrowheads) and two strongly +ve neurons (arrowheads) respectively in EP layer.

• 

  Fig. 5 Prussian blue (x400): Sections in the rat cerebral cortex in EP layer of (A) Group I showing −ve reaction among pyramidal (p) and stellate (s) cells. (B) Group V showing some +ve cells in the neuropil near (arrows) a blood vessel (v).

• 

  Fig. 6 Caspase 3 (x400): Sections in the rat cerebral cortex of (A, B) Group I showing −ve immunoreaction among pyramidal (p) and stellate (s) cells in EP and IP layers respectively and in the endothelial lining of a blood vessel (v) in IP layer. (C, D) Group III showing numerous +ve neurons (arrows) in the EP and IP layers respectively and +ve endothelial lining (wavy arrow) in a blood vessel in IP layer. (E, F) Groups IV and V showing few +ve neurons (arrows) and a +ve neuron (arrow) respectively in EP layer around a blood vessel (v).

• 

  Fig. 7 CD44 (x400): Sections in the rat cerebral cortex in EP layer of (A) Group III showing some +ve cells, overlying a mass (arrow), in the neuropil (arrowheads) and inside (bifid arrow) a blood vessel (V). (B) Group IV showing multiple +ve cells fused with some neurons (wavy arrows), overlying a mass (arrow) and in the neuropil (arrowheads). (C) Group V showing multiple +ve cells, in the neuropil (arrowheads) and inside (bifid arrow) a blood vessel (V).

Reference

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