Restor Dent Endod.  2017 May;42(2):95-104. 10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.95.

Bonding of the silane containing multi-mode universal adhesive for lithium disilicate ceramics

• Lee HY
• Han GJ
• Chang J
• Son HH

• KMID: 2379458
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2017.42.2.95

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the influence of a multi-mode universal adhesive (MUA) containing silane (Single Bond Universal, 3M EPSE) on the bonding of resin cement to lithium disilicate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thirty IPS e.max CAD specimens (Ivoclar Vivadent) were fabricated. The surfaces were treated as follows: Group A, adhesive that did not contain silane (ANS, Porcelain Bonding Resin, Bisco); Group B, silane (S) and ANS; Group C, hydrofluoric acid (HF), S, and ANS; Group D, MUA; Group E, HF and MUA. Dual-cure resin cement (NX3, Kerr) was applied and composite resin cylinders of 0.8 mm in diameter were placed on it before light polymerization. Bonded specimens were stored in water for 24 hours or underwent a 10,000 thermocycling process prior to microshear bond strength testing. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
Bond strength varied significantly among the groups (p < 0.05), except for Groups A and D. Group C showed the highest initial bond strength (27.1 ± 6.9 MPa), followed by Group E, Group B, Group D, and Group A. Thermocycling significantly reduced bond strength in Groups B, C, and E (p < 0.05). Bond strength in Group C was the highest regardless of the storage conditions (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Surface treatment of lithium disilicate using HF and silane increased the bond strength of resin cement. However, after thermocycling, the silane in MUA did not help achieve durable bond strength between lithium disilicate and resin cement, even when HF was applied.

Keyword

Lithium disilicate; Microshear bond strength; Resin cement; Silane; Universal adhesive

MeSH Terms

Adhesives*
Ceramics*
Dental Porcelain
Hydrofluoric Acid
Lithium*
Multivariate Analysis
Polymerization
Polymers
Resin Cements
Water
Adhesives
Dental Porcelain
Hydrofluoric Acid
Lithium
Polymers
Resin Cements
Water

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Experimental design of the study. HF, Hydrofluoric acid; ANS, adhesive that does not contain silane (Porcelain Bonding Resin, Bisco); MUA, Multi-mode universal adhesive (Single Bond Universal, 3M EPSE).

• 

  Figure 2 Failure mode distribution after microshear bond strength testing. TC, thermocycling.

• 

  Figure 3 Representative SEM photomicrographs of fractured ceramic surfaces after microshear bond strength testing showing (a) adhesive failure; (b) mixed failure; (c) cohesive failure at ×100 magnification. The arrow shows the fracture origin and the direction of the arrow represents that of shear force. In Figure (c), the resin cement remained on the loading point side. C, ceramic; A, adhesive; R, resin cement.

• 

  Figure 4 SEM micrographs of the fractured surfaces comparing the adaptation between the adhesive and the ceramic surfaces treated with different procedures: (a) Group B (silane, adhesive that did not contain silane [ANS], and resin cement) before thermocycling. The surface of the lithium disilicate ceramic was flat, and there was no micro-undercut, because hydrofluoric acid (HF) had not been applied. The adhesive and resin cement layers can be discriminated. There were some filler particles in the adhesive layer; (b) Group C (HF, silane, ANS, and resin cement) before thermocycling. The borders of each material were not easily distinguishable because the adhesive had infiltrated the micro-undercut and the fillers were distributed throughout the full thickness of the adhesive; (c) Group E (HF, multi-mode universal adhesive [MUA], and resin cement) before thermocycling. The etched ceramic surface had micro-undercuts and MUA had infiltrated the undercuts. However, there was a gap between the adhesive and the ceramic surface; (d) Group C (HF, silane, ANS, and resin cement) after thermocycling. This had a similar morphology to Figure 4b. Dashed arrow, the interface of the ceramic and adhesive; hollow arrow, the interface of the adhesive and resin cement. C, ceramic; A, adhesive; R, resin cement.

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