Int J Thyroidol.  2017 May;10(1):1-4. 10.11106/ijt.2017.10.1.1.

Epidemiologic Association between Obesity and Thyroid Nodules

• Ahn HY

• KMID: 2379355
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.11106/ijt.2017.10.1.1

Abstract

Recently, the incidence of thyroid nodule has been rising due to the usage of ultrasonography in health check-up. Also, modern society is faced with increasing rates of obesity by sedentary life style and high caloric intake. Obesity is closely related to metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance leads to hyperinsulinemia, increased insulin-like growth factor 1 and alteration of adipocytokine level. These factors not only have a role in metabolic regulation, but they also have mitogenic effect in cell proliferation. Epidemiologic and clinical evidence about the association between obesity and thyroid nodule are reviewed in this section.

Keyword

Thyroid nodules; Obesity; Insulin resistance; Metabolic syndrome X

MeSH Terms

Cell Proliferation
Energy Intake
Hyperinsulinism
Incidence
Insulin Resistance
Life Style
Metabolic Syndrome X
Obesity*
Thyroid Gland*
Thyroid Nodule*
Ultrasonography

Reference

1). 통계로 보는 우리나라 비만 현황. 국립암센터. 2016. 1–34.

2). Chung JH. Prevalence of thyroid nodules detected by ultrasonography in adults for health checkup and analysis of fine needle aspiration cytology. J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008; 23(6):391–4.

3). 김수영, 현민경, 권진원, 김종희, 김지민, 심정임 등. 갑상선암의 건겅검진 서비스 제공을 위한 근거 창출연구. 한국보건의료연구원: 한국보건의료원구원 연구보고서. 2012.1–131.

4). 통계로 보는 암. 국가암정보센터. http://www.cancer.go.kr. [cited April 29, 2017].

5). Schmid D, Ricci C, Behrens G, Leitzmann MF. Adiposity and risk of thyroid cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Obes Rev. 2015; 16(12):1042–54.

6). Cappelli C, Pirola I, Mittempergher F, De Martino E, Casella C, Agosti B, et al. Morbid obesity in women is associated to a lower prevalence of thyroid nodules. Obes Surg. 2012; 22(3):460–4.

7). 최훈성, 황보율, 김현규, 박도준, 박경수, 장학철 등. 초음파에서 발견되는 갑상선결절 및 갑상선암의 유병률: 지역사회 코호트 연구. Proceeding of 2013 Korean Thyroid Assocation Meeting 2013.8.13;122-122.

8). Moon JH, Lee JY, Shim JI, Hyun MK, Hwangbo Y, Kim TH, et al. Prevalence of thyroid nodules and their associating clinical parameters in healthy Korean population: a large scale, multicenter-based health checkup study. Korean J Intern Med. In press. 2017.

9). Shin J, Kim MH, Yoon KH, Kang MI, Cha BY, Lim DJ. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and thyroid nodules in healthy Koreans. Korean J Intern Med. 2016; 31(1):98–105.

10). Yin J, Wang C, Shao Q, Qu D, Song Z, Shan P, et al. Relationship between the Prevalence of Thyroid Nodules and Metabolic Syndrome in the Iodine-Adequate Area of Hangzhou, China: A Cross-Sectional and Cohort Study. Int J Endocrinol. 2014; 2014:675796.

11). Ayturk S, Gursoy A, Kut A, Anil C, Nar A, Tutuncu NB. Metabolic syndrome and its components are associated with increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a mild-to- moderate iodine-deficient area. Eur J Endocrinol. 2009; 161(4):599–605.

12). Inoue M, Tsugane S. Insulin resistance and cancer: epidemiological evidence. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2012; 19(5):F1–8.

13). Braun S, Bitton-Worms K, LeRoith D. The link between the metabolic syndrome and cancer. Int J Biol Sci. 2011; 7(7):1003–15.

14). Gallagher EJ, LeRoith D. Obesity and Diabetes: The Increased Risk of Cancer and Cancer-Related Mortality. Physiol Rev. 2015; 95(3):727–48.

15). Anil C, Akkurt A, Ayturk S, Kut A, Gursoy A. Impaired glucose metabolism is a risk factor for increased thyroid volume and nodule prevalence in a mild-to-moderate iodine deficient area. Metabolism. 2013; 62(7):970–5.

16). Rezzonico J, Rezzonico M, Pusiol E, Pitoia F, Niepomniszcze H. Introducing the thyroid gland as another victim of the insulin resistance syndrome. Thyroid. 2008; 18(4):461–4.

17). Volzke H, Friedrich N, Schipf S, Haring R, Ludemann J, Nauck M, et al. Association between serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and thyroid disorders in a population-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007; 92(10):4039–45.

18). van Kruijsdijk RC, van der Wall E, Visseren FL. Obesity and cancer: the role of dysfunctional adipose tissue. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2009; 18(10):2569–78.

19). Hebbard L, Ranscht B. Multifaceted roles of adiponectin in cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014; 28(1):59–69.

20). Marcello MA, Cunha LL, Batista FA, Ward LS. Obesity and thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2014; 21(5):T255–71.

21). Mitsiades N, Pazaitou-Panayiotou K, Aronis KN, Moon HS, Chamberland JP, Liu X, et al. Circulating adiponectin is inversely associated with risk of thyroid cancer: in vivo and in vitro studies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011; 96(12):E2023–8.

22). Akinci M, Kosova F, Cetin B, Aslan S, Ari Z, Cetin A. Leptin levels in thyroid cancer. Asian J Surg. 2009; 32(4):216–23.