Gasless Endoscopic Thyroidectomy using the Trans-axillary Approach: Surgical Outcomes of 634 Patients

Kang, Sang Wook; Jeong, Jong Ju; Yoon, Ji Sup; Sung, Tae Yon; Lee, Seung Chul; Lee, Yong Sang; Nam, Kee Hyun; Chang, Hang Seok; Chung, Woong Youn; Park, Cheong Soo

Abstract

PURPOSE
Various techniques of minimally invasive thyroid surgery have been introduced during the past decade, including the endoscopic technique. We have developed a novel method of gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy via an axillary approach. The present report describes the technique of this method and the analysis of the surgical outcomes.
METHODS
Between Dec. 2001 and Feb. 2008 (the actual operation period was 55 months), 634 patients with thyroid tumors underwent gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy via an axillary approach. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of the patients, the type of operation, the operative time, the post operative hospital stay and the post operative complications were retrospectively analyzed.
RESULTS
Among the 634 patients, 176 patients had benign tumor and 458 patients had malignant tumor. The type of operationwas classified according to the extent of surgery. Lymphadenectomy (CCND, SND, MRND) was respectively performed for treating the patients with malignant tumor, depending on the indications. The mean operating time and the mean length of the post-operative hospital stay were 129.4±51.3 minutes, 3.3±1.7 days for benign tumor and 135.5±47 minutes, 3.4±0.9 days for malignancy, respectively. The mean tumor size was 2.7±1.2 (0.4~6.0) cm for benign tumor and 0.78±0.5 (0.1~4.0) cm for malignancy. Central compartment lymph node metastasis was found in 117 (25.6%) patients and lateral neck lymph node metastasis was found in 14 (3.0%) patients. There was no conversion to open thyroidectomy. As for the post-operative complications, transient hypocalcemia occurred in 19 patients, transient hoarseness was noted in 13 patients and permanent vocal cord palsy occurred in 2 patients. For the TNM stage, 406 (88.6%) patients were stage I, 51 (11.2%) patients were stage III and 1 (0.2%) patient was stage IVA.
CONCLUSION
According to our experience, gasless endoscopic thyroidectomy using a trans-axillary approach is a feasible and safe method. Endoscopic thyroid surgery has become a new treatment modality for selected patients with benign tumors and it can be an effective treatment for selected patients who suffer with thyroid cancer.