Imaging Sci Dent.  2016 Dec;46(4):229-237. 10.5624/isd.2016.46.4.229.

Review of common conditions associated with periodontal ligament widening

• Mortazavi
• Baharvand

• KMID: 2362740
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5624/isd.2016.46.4.229

Abstract

PURPOSE
The aim of this article is to review a group of lesions associated with periodontal ligament (PDL) widening.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic search was performed using specialized databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, Science Direct, and Scopus to find relevant studies by using keywords such as "periodontium", "periodontal ligament", "periodontal ligament space", "widened periodontal ligament", and "periodontal ligament widening".
RESULTS
Out of nearly 200 articles, about 60 were broadly relevant to the topic. Ultimately, 47 articles closely related to the topic of interest were reviewed. When the relevant data were compiled, the following 10 entities were identified: occlusal/orthodontic trauma, periodontal disease/periodontitis, pulpo-periapical lesions, osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, progressive systemic sclerosis, radiation-induced bone defect, bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis, and osteomyelitis.
CONCLUSION
Although PDL widening may be encountered by many dentists during their routine daily procedures, the clinician should consider some serious related conditions as well.

Keyword

Periodontal Ligament; Periapical Periodontitis; Osteosarcoma; Progressive Systemic Sclerosis; Radiotherapy

MeSH Terms

Chondrosarcoma
Dentists
Humans
Ligaments
Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin
Osteomyelitis
Osteonecrosis
Osteosarcoma
Periapical Periodontitis
Periodontal Ligament*
Radiotherapy
Scleroderma, Diffuse

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Widening of periodontal ligament around the right mandibular second molar is evident with loss of neighboring teeth, subjecting it to heavy occlusal trauma.

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  Fig. 2 Panoramic radiograph demonstrates generalized periodontal ligament widening due to trauma from orthodontic forces.

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  Fig. 3 Periapical radiographs show periodontal ligament widening around maxillary and mandibular incisors due to periodontitis.

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  Fig. 4 Periodontal ligament widening as a result of pulpo-periapical lesion is seen in the left mandibular second molar.

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  Fig. 5 Panoramic reconstructed cone-beam computed radiographic image shows chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis with periodontal ligament widening around right mandibular canine as well as mental fistula.

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  Fig. 6 Widening of periodontal ligament is evident in the roots of the right mandibular first molar in a patient with osteosarcoma. Note the sun-ray appearance in the ascending ramus and the angle of the mandible.

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  Fig. 7 A panoramic reconstructed cone-beam computed tomographic image shows widened periodontal ligament mostly in posterior regions of the jaws in a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis.

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  Fig. 8 A panoramic reconstructed cone-beam computed tomographic image shows radiotherapy-induced periodontal ligament widening in the right mandibular premolars in a patient with head and neck cancer.

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