Neonatal Med.  2016 Aug;23(3):131-136. 10.5385/nm.2016.23.3.131.

The Clinical Features and Prognosis of Nephrocalcinosis in Preterm Neonates: A Single Center Study in Korea

• Lee H
• Shim SY
• Park EA
• Cho SJ

• KMID: 2350281
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2016.23.3.131

Abstract

PURPOSE
Nephrocalcinosis (NC) is frequently observed in premature infants. Small-scale studies have suggested that NC adversely affects renal function; however, the etiologic factors are still unclear. This prospective observational study aimed to identify the factors that influence the development of NC, through urine analysis.
METHODS
In total, 99 preterm infants (gestational age <34 weeks) diagnosed with NC in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from October 2010 to March 2014 were evaluated. Data regarding perinatal characteristics, respiratory support, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and use of nephrotoxic drugs were analyzed. After an ultrasonographic diagnosis of NC, the infants were subjected to biweekly urine tests along with ultrasonographic follow-ups until the resolution of NC, in the outpatient department.
RESULTS
NC was diagnosed in 23% (99/432) of the preterm infants admitted to the NICU. Their median gestational age and birth weight were 28?³ (range:23??-35?²) weeks and 1,120 (range: 560-1,950) g, respectively. NC was diagnosed an average of 26.4±2.8 (range: 2-82) days after birth, and the corrected gestational age at that time was 32.4±2.0 weeks. Preterm infants with NC had hyperoxaluria (oxalate/Cr=4.1 [oxalate/Cr<0.3]), and low urinary citrate levels (citrate/Cr=0.03 [citrate/Cr>0.51]). The follow-up rate was 52% (27/52) and symptoms in none of the infants had progressed to nephrolithiasis. In the infants that were followed up, NC was resolved at a mean age of 7.7 (range: 2-32) months.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that hyperoxaluria is a significant risk factor for the development of NC.

Keyword

Nephrocalcinosis; Premature infants; Hyperoxaluria

MeSH Terms

Birth Weight
Citric Acid
Diagnosis
Follow-Up Studies
Gestational Age
Humans
Hyperoxaluria
Infant
Infant, Newborn*
Infant, Premature
Intensive Care, Neonatal
Korea*
Nephrocalcinosis*
Nephrolithiasis
Observational Study
Outpatients
Parenteral Nutrition, Total
Parturition
Prognosis*
Prospective Studies
Risk Factors
Citric Acid