J Korean Med Assoc.  2011 Oct;54(10):1053-1058.

Diagnosis and treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease

• Koh WJ

Abstract

The clinical importance of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) has recently been increasing worldwide. In Korea, Mycobacterium avium complex and M. abscessus are the most commonly encoun-tered pathogens of NTM lung disease. When NTM lung disease occurs, it is likely to present in one of two prototypical forms: a fibrocavitary form often affecting older male smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and nodular bronchiectatic form classically occurring in middle-aged or older women who have never smoked. Since NTM are ubiquitous in the environment, the isolation and identification of causative organisms are mandatory for diagnosis, and some specific diagnostic criteria have been proposed. The decision on whether to treat a patient remains a matter of careful individual evaluation taking into account the NTM species, extent and form of the disease, and overall condition of the patient. Although treatment regimens that include the new macrolides such as clarithromycin or azithromycin are more effective than earlier regimens, treatment of these infections is time-consuming, complicated, and often ineffective. Surgery for localized NTM lung disease may be useful for selected patients. Observation without treatment may be appropriate for some patients with a slowly progressive form of the disease that is expected to be particularly difficult to treat.

Keyword

Nontuberculous mycobacteria; Mycobacterium avium complex; Mycobacterium abscessus

MeSH Terms

Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Female
Humans
Korea
Lung
Lung Diseases
Macrolides
Male
Mycobacterium avium Complex
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
Smoke
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
Macrolides
Smoke

Figure

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  Figure 1 (A) A 72-year-old man with a previous history of pulmonary tuberculosis who presented with cough and sputum. His sputum specimens were positive for acid fast bacilli and grew Mycobacterium intracellulare. Chest computed tomography show right upper lobe cavity with surrounding subpleural consolidation. (B) A 76-year-old woman, a lifelong non-smoker, who presented with chronic cough and sputum. Her sputum grew M. intracellulare. Chest computed tomography shows extensive right middle lobe and lingular bronchiectasis and centrilobular nodules in both lungs.

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