J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2013 Dec;43(6):301-307.

The effect of pretreating resorbable blast media titanium discs with an ultrasonic scaler or toothbrush on the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing

• Koh M
• Park JB
• Jang YJ
• Ko Y

Abstract

PURPOSE
This in vitro study was performed to assess the adherence of Porphyromonas gingivalis to a resorbable blast media (RBM) titanium surface pretreated with an ultrasonic scaler or toothbrush and to evaluate the effects of the treatment of the RBM titanium discs on the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing by crystal violet assay and scanning electron microscopy.
METHODS
RBM titanium discs were pretreated with one of several ultrasonic scaler tips or cleaned with a toothbrush. Then the titanium discs were incubated with P. gingivalis and the quantity of adherent bacteria was compared. The disc surfaces incubated with bacteria were brushed with a toothbrush with dentifrice. Bacteria remaining on the disc surfaces were quantified.
RESULTS
A change in morphology of the surface of the RBM titanium discs after different treatments was noted. There were no significant differences in the adherence of bacteria on the pretreated discs according to the treatment modality. Pretreatment with various instruments did not produce significant differences in the bacterial removal efficiency of brushing with dentifrice.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limits of this study, various types of mechanical instrumentation were shown to cause mechanical changes on the RBM titanium surface but did not show a significant influence on the adherence of bacteria and removal efficiency of brushing.

Keyword

Bacteria; Dental scaling; Scanning electron microscopy; Surface properties; Titanium; Toothbrushing

MeSH Terms

Bacteria
Dental Scaling
Dentifrices
Gentian Violet
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Surface Properties
Titanium*
Toothbrushing
Ultrasonics*
Dentifrices
Gentian Violet
Titanium

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Overview of the study design. RBM: resorbable blast media, SEM: scanning electron microscopy.

• 

  Figure 2 Metal and nonmetal ultrasonic scaler tips and toothbrush. (A) Ultrasonic scaler with metal tip (PS, Electro Medical Systems, Nyon, Switzerland), (B) ultrasonic scaler with plastic tip (PEEK tip, Electro Medical Systems), (C) ultrasonic scaler with metal tip (1, Satelec, Suprasson, La Ciotat, France), (D) ultrasonic scaler with carbon tip (PH1, Satelec), and (E) toothbrush (Implant Care, TePe, Malmö, Sweden).

• 

  Figure 3 The gross morphology of the untreated and treated resorbable blast media surfaces of the titanium discs. (A) No treatment, (B) A-metal, (C) A-plastic, (D) B-metal, (E) B-carbon, and (F) brush.

• 

  Figure 4 Bacteria cultured on the treated surfaces were examined with scanning electron microscopy at ×5,000. (A) No treatment, (B) A-metal, (C) A-plastic, (D) B-metal, (E) B-carbon, and (F) brush.

• 

  Figure 5 Relative value of the amount of bacteria on the resorbable blast media disc surfaces compared by crystal violet assay. The amount of bacteria on the untreated group was considered to be 100%. Tx: treatment, A-M: A-metal, A-P: A-plastic, B-M: B-metal, B-C: B-carbon, and Br: brush.

• 

  Figure 6 The gross morphology of the pretreated RBM titanium surfaces after brushing with dentifrice. (A) No treatment, (B) A-metal, (C) A-plastic, (D) B-metal, (E) B-carbon, and (F) brush.

• 

  Figure 7 The bacteria were grown on pretreated surfaces, and all of the surfaces were brushed with dentifrice. The figure shows the surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy. (A) No treatment, (B) A-metal, (C) A-plastic, (D) B-metal, (E) B-carbon, and (F) brush.

• 

  Figure 8 Relative value of the remaining bacteria on the pretreated RBM titanium surface after brushing by crystal violet assay. The amount of remaining bacteria on the untreated group was considered to be 100%. Tx: treatment, A-M: A-metal, A-P: A-plastic, B-M: B-metal, B-C: B-carbon, and Br: brush.

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