J Periodontal Implant Sci.  2013 Apr;43(2):87-95.

The expression of a nitric oxide derivative, tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-3, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-4 in chronic periodontitis with type 2 diabetes mellitus

• Jung HY
• Kim YG
• Park JW
• Suh JY
• Lee JM

Abstract

PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to analyze the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3, and TIMP-4 in the gingival tissues of periodontal patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
METHODS
Depending on the patient's systemic condition and clinical criteria of the gingiva, each gingival sample was classified into one of three groups. Sixteen clinically, systemically healthy patients (group 1), 16 periodontal patients (group 2), and 16 periodontal patients with DM (group 3) were included. Tissue samples in each group were collected, prepared, and analyzed by western blotting. Quantification of the relative amount of TIMP-3, TIMP-4, and iNOS was performed.
RESULTS
The expression levels of iNOS and TIMP-3 both increased in group 1, group 2, and group 3 in increasing order, and were significantly higher in both group 2 and group 3 as compared to group 1 (P<0.05). The expression levels of TIMP-4 increased in the same order, but significantly increased in group 2 as compared to group 1, in group 3 as compared to group 1, and group 3 as compared to group 2 (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
This study demonstrated that iNOS, TIMP-3, and TIMP-4 might be involved in the progression of periodontal inflammation associated with type 2 DM. It is thought that further study of these factors can be applied practically for the diagnosis and control of periodontitis in diabetics.

Keyword

Chronic periodontitis; Diabetes mellitus; Nitric oxide synthase; Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases

MeSH Terms

Blotting, Western
Chronic Periodontitis
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Gingiva
Humans
Inflammation
Nitric Oxide
Nitric Oxide Synthase
Periodontitis
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases
Nitric Oxide
Nitric Oxide Synthase
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-3
Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases

Figure

• 

  Figure 1 Pattern of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) expression of 4 representative samples in western blot analysis. The expression levels of iNOS were normalized to β-actin in all individuals from each group. Group 1: healthy periodontal tissue from systemically healthy patient, Group 2: diseased periodontal tissue from patient with chronic periodontitis, Group 3: diseased periodontal tissue from patient with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus.

• 

  Figure 2 Graph showing average amounts and standard deviation (ratio of inducible nitric oxide synthases [iNOS]/β-actin) in groups 1, 2, and 3. The levels of iNOS of the diseased gingiva were higher than those of healthy gingiva. a)Significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (P<0.05). b)Significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (P<0.05).

• 

  Figure 3 Pattern of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-3 expression of 4 representative samples in western blot analysis. The expression levels of TIMP-3 were normalized to β-actin in all individuals from each group. Group 1: healthy periodontal tissue from systemically healthy patient, Group 2: diseased periodontal tissue from patient with chronic periodontitis, Group 3: diseased periodontal tissue from patient with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus.

• 

  Figure 4 Graph showing averages and standard deviations (ratio of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase [TIMP]-3/β-actin) in groups 1, 2, and 3. The levels of TIMP-3 in the diseased gingiva were higher than those in the healthy gingiva. a)Significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (P<0.05). b)Significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (P<0.05).

• 

  Figure 5 Pattern of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-4 expression of 4 representative samples by western blot analysis. The expression levels of TIMP-4 were normalized to β-actin in all individuals from each group. Group 1: healthy periodontal tissue from systemically healthy patient, Group 2: diseased periodontal tissue from patient with chronic periodontitis, Group 3: diseased periodontal tissue from patient with chronic periodontitis and diabetes mellitus.

• 

  Figure 6 Graph showing averages and standard deviations (ratio of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase [TIMP]-4/β-actin) in groups 1, 2, and 3. The levels of TIMP-4 of the diseased gingiva were higher than those of healthy gingiva. a)Significant difference between group 1 and group 2 (P<0.05). b)Significant difference between group 1 and group 3 (P<0.05). c)Significant difference between group 2 and group 3 (P<0.05).

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