Yeungnam Univ J Med.  2016 Jun;33(1):13-20. 10.12701/yujm.2016.33.1.13.

High levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and smoking might be markers of colorectal adenoma in Korean males aged 40-49 years

• Yoon IC
• Cho JH
• Choi H
• Choi YH
• Lim KM
• Choi SH
• Han JH
• Jeong HJ
• Lee HS

• KMID: 2328106
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.12701/yujm.2016.33.1.13

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Prevalence of adenoma in males aged 40-49 years in Korea was higher than expected. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of colorectal adenoma in males aged 40-49 years.
METHODS
Total 1,902 asymptomatic subjects with a mean age of 47.9±6.7 years, who underwent a screening colonoscopy in a health promotion center of Myongji Hospital from 2010 to 2013 were enrolled in this study. We conducted a case-control study to determine the risk factors for adenoma. The subjects were classified into two groups (adenoma vs. controls). To validate the diagnostic value of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) for adenoma, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was calculated.
RESULTS
At least one colorectal adenoma was identified in 385 subjects (20.2%). Among these 385 subjects, 372 subjects were found to have a non-advanced adenoma, 13 subjects had an invasive adenoma. One subject had cancer. Male sex, age, smoking, metabolic syndrome, and elevated CEA level were significantly associated with a colorectal adenoma in univariate analysis. However, metabolic syndrome was not significant in multivariate analysis. In the male group, the AUROC of CEA for colorectal adenoma was 0.600 (0.543 to 0.656) in non-smokers under 50 years of age, and 0.615 (0.540 to 0.690) in smokers under 50 years of age.
CONCLUSION
Male sex, smoking, and high levels of CEA seem to be associated with colorectal adenoma. High levels of CEA and smoking may be diagnostic markers for any colorectal adenoma in Korean males aged 40-49 years.

Keyword

Carcinoembryonic antigen; Colorectal adenoma; Colonoscopy; Risk factors; Smoking

MeSH Terms

Adenoma*
Carcinoembryonic Antigen*
Case-Control Studies
Colonoscopy
Health Promotion
Humans
Korea
Male*
Mass Screening
Multivariate Analysis
Prevalence
Risk Factors
ROC Curve
Smoke*
Smoking*
Carcinoembryonic Antigen
Smoke