J Nutr Health.  2014 Jun;47(3):193-205.

Evaluation of nutrient and food intake status, and dietary quality in Korean adults according to nutrition label utilization: Based on 2010-2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

• Bae YJ

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study was conducted in order to investigate nutrient and food intake status and dietary quality in Korean adults according to nutrition label utilization.
METHODS
We analyzed data from the combined 2010-2011 KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). The analysis included 8190 adults aged 19 to 64 years. In this study, according to nutrition label utilization, we classified the subjects according to the "non-utilization of nutrition label (NUNL)" group (male, n = 2716, female, n = 3147), "identification of nutrition label (INL)" group (male, n = 143, female, n = 330), and "Utilization of nutrition label (UNL)" group (male, n = 363, female, n = 1491). Nutrient and food group intake, NAR (nutrient ad-equacy ratio), MAR (mean adequacy ratio), and INQ (index of nutritional quality) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method.
RESULTS
Results of this study showed that subjects in the NUNL group were significantly more likely to drink alcohol compared with the other two groups. The NUNL group showed a significantly higher frequency of consuming in-stant noodles, Soju (male), and carbonated drink (female) than the UNL group, whereas the NUNL group showed a sig-nificantly lower frequency of consuming milk, soymilk, and yogurt than the UNL group. In addition, regarding diet quality (NAR and INQ), significantly lower vitamin B2, vitamin C, and calcium was observed in the NUNL group compared with the UNL group. For both male and female, significantly higher MAR was observed in the UNL group than in the NUNL group. The NUNL group showed significantly lower consumption of milk compared to the UNL group.
CONCLUSION
Good dietary practice such as referring to nutrition labels and its influence can affect the quality of nutritional intake and selection of food, while it can also provide basic data for specific nutrition education regarding use of nutrition labeling.

Keyword

nutrition label utilization; dietary quality; food and nutrient intake; adults

MeSH Terms

Adult*
Ascorbic Acid
Calcium
Carbonated Beverages
Diet
Eating*
Education
Female
Food Labeling
Humans
Male
Milk
Nutrition Surveys*
Riboflavin
Yogurt
Ascorbic Acid
Calcium
Riboflavin

Reference

1. Ministry of Health and Welfare (KR). Food labeling regulations. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare;1995.

2. Park HJ, Lee JS, Kim EK. Assessment of nutrition label education in sixth grade elementary school students. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2010; 16(3):226–238.

3. Chung EJ, Jeon JS, Ahn HS. Reading and understanding of food & nutrition labels and dietary behaviors of female middle and high school students. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2010; 16(3):239–254.

4. Lee KA, Lee HJ, Park E. The effect of use of nutrition labelling on knowledge and perception of nutrition labelling, and awareness of nutrition labelling usefulness with among college students. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2010; 39(2):253–266.

5. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Korea Health Statistics 2012: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V-3). Cheongwon: Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2013.

6. Satia JA, Galanko JA, Neuhouser ML. Food nutrition label use is associated with demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors and dietary intake among African Americans in North Carolina. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005; 105(3):392–402.

7. Ollberding NJ, Wolf RL, Contento I. Food label use and its relation to dietary intake among US adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011; 111:5 Suppl. S47–S51.

8. Stran KA, Knol LL. Determinants of food label use differ by sex. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013; 113(5):673–679.

9. Drichoutis AC, Lazaridis P, Nayga RM Jr. Nutrition knowledge and consumer use of nutritional food labels. Eur Rev Agric Econ. 2005; 32(1):93–118.

10. Kreuter MW, Brennan LK, Scharff DP, Lukwago SN. Do nutrition label readers eat healthier diets? Behavioral correlates of adults' use of food labels. Am J Prev Med. 1997; 13(4):277–283.

11. Pérez-Escamilla R, Haldeman L, Gray S. Assessment of nutrition education needs in an urban school district in Connecticut: establishing priorities through research. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002; 102(4):559–562.

12. Neuhouser ML, Kristal AR, Patterson RE. Use of food nutrition labels is associated with lower fat intake. J Am Diet Assoc. 1999; 99(1):45–53.

13. Graham DJ, Laska MN. Nutrition label use partially mediates the relationship between attitude toward healthy eating and overall dietary quality among college students. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012; 112(3):414–418.

14. Zarkin GA, Dean N, Mauskopf JA, Williams R. Potential health benefits of nutrition label changes. Am J Public Health. 1993; 83(5):717–724.

15. Yun JS, Lyu ES. Satisfaction and perception of nutrition education by elementary school students. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2012; 41(9):1259–1264.

16. Bae YJ, Yeon JY. Dietary behaviors, processed food preferences and awareness levels of nutrition labels among female university students living in middle region by breakfast eating. J Korean Diet Assoc. 2011; 17(4):387–402.

17. Chung HJ, Cheon HS, Kwon KI, Kim JY, Yoo KS, Lee JH, Kim JW, Park HK, Kim SH, Hong SM. The recognition and requirement of nutrition labeling in fast-food restaurants. Korean J Nutr. 2009; 42(1):68–77.

18. Yoo J, Jeong HS. Consumer awareness of nutrition labelling in restaurants according to level of health consciousness. Korean J Food Nutr. 2011; 24(3):282–290.

19. Park S, Kim SJ, Kim B, Yoon H, Hong JM, Ahn YS, Kim JS, Han SB, Yoon Y, Joo N. Consumer awareness and institutionalization of nutrition labeling for Takju. Korean J Food Culture. 2013; 28(1):89–98.

20. Kim JH, Lee KT. Studies on the current status of nutrition labeling recognition and consumption pattern of domestically processed meat products. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2010; 39(7):1056–1063.

21. Hansen RG. An index of food quality. Nutr Rev. 1973; 31(1):1–7.

22. Kristal AR, Levy L, Patterson RE, Li SS, White E. Trends in food label use associated with new nutrition labeling regulations. Am J Public Health. 1998; 88(8):1212–1215.

23. Macon JF, Oakland MJ, Jensen HH, Kissack PA. Food label use by older Americans: data from the Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals and the Diet and Health Knowledge Survey 1994-96. J Nutr Elder. 2004; 24(1):35–52.

24. Cowburn G1, Stockley L. Consumer understanding and use of nutrition labelling: a systematic 24) review. Public Health Nutr. 2005; 8(1):21–28.

25. Post RE, Mainous AG 3rd, Diaz VA, Matheson EM, Everett CJ. Use of the nutrition facts label in chronic disease management: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Am Diet Assoc. 2010; 110(4):628–632.

26. Hawkes C. Nutrition labels and health claims: the global regulatory environment. Geneva: World Health Organization;2004.

27. Guthrie JF, Fox JJ, Cleveland LE, Welsh S. Who uses nutrition labeling, and what effects does label use have on diet quality? J Nutr Educ. 1995; 27(4):163–172.

28. Bonanni AE, Bonaccio M, di Castelnuovo A, de Lucia F, Costanzo S, Persichillo M, Zito F, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Food labels use is associated with higher adherence to Mediterranean diet: results from the Moli-sani study. Nutrients. 2013; 5(11):4364–4379.

29. Kim M, Kim J, Yu J. Factors relating to use of food labels among adults with metabolic syndrome. Korean J Health Educ Promot. 2012; 29(5):1–12.

30. Ross AC, Caballero B, Cousins RJ, Tucker KL, Ziegler TR. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 11th Edition. Philadelphia (PA): Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2012.

31. Sorenson AW, Wyse BW, Wittwer AJ, Hansen RG. An Index of Nutritional Quality for a balanced diet. New help for an old problem. J Am Diet Assoc. 1976; 68(3):236–242.

32. Staser KW, Zollinger TW, Saywell RM Jr, Kunapareddy S, Gibson PJ, Caine VA. Dietary behaviors associated with fruit and vegetable consumption, Marion County, Indiana, 2005. Prev Chronic Dis. 2011; 8(3):A66.

33. Drewnowski A, Henderson SA, Shore AB, Fischler C, Preziosi P, Hercberg S. Diet quality and dietary diversity in France: implications for the French paradox. J Am Diet Assoc. 1996; 96(7):663–669.