J Korean Soc Spine Surg.  2002 Jun;9(2):78-83.

Analysis of Compression Behavior in Lumbar Spine Under Simple Vertical Load vs Follower Load

• Ahn MW
• Shin KS
• Lee JW
• Chung IS
• Lee CY

Abstract

PURPOSE: To clarify the behavior of the lumbar spine under vertical compressive load and follower compressive load and to confirm the effect of the follower load on the stability of the spinal column using finite element method.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Describing follower compression test to overcome underestimation of load carrying capacity, the problem in existing ex-vivo lumbar spine compression test, with finite element analysis, comparing with the result of simple vertical compressive load, we analyze the property of kinetic behavior. After performing finite element modelling about L1-L5 lumbar vertebral column, analyze it about vertical compressive load and follower compressive load. Intervertebral discs with complex structure and mechanical properties was modeled using spring element that compensate stiffness and tube-to-tube contact element was employed to give follower load. With compressive load, change of lumbar spinal curve is so much, that geometrical analysis should be done.
RESULTS
Under the follower compressive load, the vertebral column was so stiff that vertical displacement of the upper end plate of L1 was markedly reduced, comparing with that under the simple vertical compressive load. Sagittal rotation of that upper end plate was also decreased in the opposite direction. Compressive load on the intervertebral disc was evenly distributed along the entire column. The bending moment at each disc was reduced in the opposite direction. A lesser A-P shear force occurred at the intervertebral disc.
CONCLUSION
As a result of finite element interpretation of lumbar spine, the stability and load carrying capacity was increased largely, and the compressive load was transmitted through the column in a more pattern, when follower compressive load applied. This can provide the basis for explaining the difference of early buckling occurrence reported in ex-vivo testing, and load carrying capacity of the lumbar spine in-vivo, but, for more precise replication of behavior of lumbar spine in-vivo to variable loading. A invention of a more precious finite element interpretation model which consider the role of muscle around the spine is loaded.

Keyword

Lumbar spine; Finite element method; Follower load; Load carrying capacity; Biomechanics

MeSH Terms

Natural Resources
Finite Element Analysis
Intervertebral Disc
Inventions
Spine*

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Finite element model for lumbar spine under compression. A. vertical compressive load. B. follower compressive load.

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  Fig. 2. Comparison of vertical displacement at L1 upper end plate.

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  Fig. 3. Comparison of rotation at L1 upper end plate on sagittal plane.

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  Fig. 4. Change of spinal curve due to compression. A. Vertical compressive load. B. Follower compressive load.

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  Fig. 5. Compressive load on intervertebral discs.

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  Fig. 6. Ext./Flex. Bending moment on intervertebral discs.

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  Fig. 7. Post./Ant. Shear Force on intervertebral discs.

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