J Korean Soc Neonatol.  2010 Nov;17(2):161-167.

Acute Kidney Injury in the Newborn: Etiology, Pathophysiology and Diagnosis

• Kim SY

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly referred to as acute renal failure (ARF) is defined as the sudden impairment of kidney function (estimated from the glomerular filtration rate [GFR]) that results in the lack of excretion of waste products. More than 30 definitions of AKI exist in the literature, most of which are based on serum creatinine. Lack of a uniform and multidimensional AKI definition has led to failure to recognize significant renal injury, delays in treatment, and inability to generalize single-study results. The RIFLE criteria were developed to standardize the diagnosis of ARF and in the process the term AKI has been proposed to encompass the entire spectrum of the syndrome from minor changes in renal function to requirement for renal replacement therapy. Large prospective studies are needed to test definitions and to better understand risk factors, incidence, independent outcomes, and mechanisms that lead to poor short- and long-term outcomes. Early biomarkers of AKI need to be explored in critically ill neonates.

Keyword

Acute kidney injury; Acute renal failure; Newborn; Etiology; Pathophysiology

MeSH Terms

Acute Kidney Injury
Biomarkers
Creatinine
Critical Illness
Glomerular Filtration Rate
Humans
Incidence
Infant, Newborn
Kidney
Renal Replacement Therapy
Risk Factors
Waste Products
Creatinine
Waste Products