Comparison of Clinical Characteristics of Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia Between HIV Infected and Non-infected Persons

Choi, Jun Yong; Lee, Kkot Sil; Park, Yoon Soo; Cho, Cheong Ho; Han, Sang Hoon; Choi, Suk Hoon; Chin, Bum Sik; Park, Yoon Seon; Chang, Kyung Hee; Song, Young Goo; Kim, June Myung

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) is one of the most common cause of infection in patients with HIV infection. Recently, the incidence of PCP have been increasing in immunocompromised hosts without HIV infection. We compared the clinical characteristics of PCP between HIV infected and non-infected persons.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 25 patients diagnosed as PCP from 1996 to 2002. Age, sex, underlying conditions, use of immunosuppressants, clinical courses, laboratory findings, treatment and prognosis were compared between HIV infected and non-infected persons.
RESULTS
Twenty-five patients with PCP were identified. 16 were HIV infected, and 9 were HIV non-infected. The mean age of overall patients was 43.4+/-13.2 years. Underlying conditions in HIV non-infected persons were hematologic malignancy (7 cases), solid organ transplant (1 case), and autoimmune disease (1 case). Seven cases (77.8%) of HIV non-infected persons had a history of steroid use. Mean duration of symptoms was longer in HIV infected persons than in HIV non-infected persons, but it was not statistically significant. PaO2 was lower in HIV infected persons (61.2+/-16.9 mmHg vs.65.4+/-15.4), but it was not statistically significant. Chest X ray showed typical ground glass opacity in 12 cases (75%) of HIV infected persons and in 4 cases (44.4%) of HIV non-infected persons. Twelve cases (75%) of HIV infected persons were treated with steroid, as were 6 cases (66.7%) of HIV non-infected persons. Ventilator care was needed in 6 cases (37.5%) of HIV infected persons and in 2 cases (22.2%) of HIV non-infected persons. Mortality of HIV infected persons was 50%, and that of HIV non-infected persons was 11.1%.
CONCLUSIONS
PCP showed some different clinical characteristics between HIV infected and non-infected persons. Prospective studies regarding the risk factors of PCP, prophylaxis, treatment and prognosis in HIV infected and non-infected persons are warranted.