Korean J Urol.  2013 Feb;54(2):85-88.

The Prostate Cancer Patient Had Higher C-Reactive Protein Than BPH Patient

• Kim Y
• Jeon Y
• Lee H
• Lee D
• Shim B

Abstract

PURPOSE
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a general marker for inflammation and it has been associated with prostate cancer. We hypothesized that a correlation may exist between CRP and prostate cancer in patients undergoing transrectal biopsy of the prostate because of rising prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
From January 2009 to March 2012, we retrospectively reviewed 710 patients who visited our urology department and were diagnosed as having a PSA value over 4.0 ng/mL. Patients with acute infections, rheumatoid arthritis, gout, asthma, chronic lung disease, myocardial infarction, or apoplexy and those who had taken nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were exempted from the research because these variables could have impacted CRP. After we applied the exclusion criteria, we selected 63 patients with prostate cancer and 140 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
RESULTS
A total of 203 patients were observed: 140 patients had BPH, and 63 patients had prostate cancer. Prostate cancer patients were divided into two groups by tumor-node-metastasis classification. The patients below T2 were group A, and those above T3 were group B. The natural logarithm of C-reactive protein (lnCRP) differed between the BPH group and the prostate cancer group. The lnCRP also differed between the BPH group and prostate cancer groups A and B (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The serum CRP level of the prostate cancer group was higher than that of the BPH group. Inflammation may be correlated with prostate cancer according to the serum CRP level.

Keyword

C-reactive protein; Prostate-specific antigen; Prostatic neoplasms

MeSH Terms

Arthritis, Rheumatoid
Asthma
Biopsy
C-Reactive Protein
Gout
Humans
Inflammation
Lung Diseases
Myocardial Infarction
Prostate
Prostate-Specific Antigen
Prostatic Hyperplasia
Prostatic Neoplasms
Retrospective Studies
Stroke
Urology
C-Reactive Protein
Prostate-Specific Antigen

Figure

• 

  FIG. 1 Value of natural logarithm of C-reactive protein (lnCRP) was significantly higher in the prostate cancer (PCa) group than in the benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) group (a:p<0.05).

• 

  FIG. 2 Value of logarithm of C-reactive protein (lnCRP) in PCa group A (5.09±1.38) and group B (5.24±1.58) was significantly higher than in the benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) group (3.98±0.43) (p<0.05). PCa group A, prostate cancer patients with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification below T2; PCa group B, prostate cancer patients with TNM classification above T3 (a:p<0.05).

Reference

1. Lee S, Choe JW, Kim HK, Sung J. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein and cancer. J Epidemiol. 2011. 21:161–168.

2. Elsberger B, Lankston L, McMillan DC, Underwood MA, Edwards J. Presence of tumoural C-reactive protein correlates with progressive prostate cancer. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2011. 14:122–128.

3. Platz EA, De Marzo AM. Epidemiology of inflammation and prostate cancer. J Urol. 2004. 171(2 Pt 2):S36–S40.

4. Saito K, Kihara K. C-reactive protein as a biomarker for urological cancers. Nat Rev Urol. 2011. 8:659–666.

5. Dubey S, Vanveldhuizen P, Holzbeierlein J, Tawfik O, Thrasher JB, Karan D. Inflammation-associated regulation of the macrophage inhibitory cytokine (MIC-1) gene in prostate cancer. Oncol Lett. 2012. 3:1166–1170.

6. Salman H, Ori Y, Bergman M, Djaldetti M, Bessler H. Human prostate cancer cells induce inflammatory cytokine secretion by peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Biomed Pharmacother. 2012. 66:330–333.

7. Mengus C, Le Magnen C, Trella E, Yousef K, Bubendorf L, Provenzano M, et al. Elevated levels of circulating IL-7 and IL-15 in patients with early stage prostate cancer. J Transl Med. 2011. 9:162.

8. Lucia MS, Torkko KC. Inflammation as a target for prostate cancer chemoprevention: pathological and laboratory rationale. J Urol. 2004. 171(2 Pt 2):S30–S34.

9. Lehrer S, Diamond EJ, Mamkine B, Droller MJ, Stone NN, Stock RG. C-reactive protein is significantly associated with prostate-specific antigen and metastatic disease in prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2005. 95:961–962.

10. Gupta S, Adhami VM, Subbarayan M, MacLennan GT, Lewin JS, Hafeli UO, et al. Suppression of prostate carcinogenesis by dietary supplementation of celecoxib in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model. Cancer Res. 2004. 64:3334–3343.

11. McCall P, Catlow J, McArdle PA, McMillan DC, Edwards J. Tumoral C-reactive protein and nuclear factor kappa-B expression are associated with clinical outcome in patients with prostate cancer. Cancer Biomark. 2011-2012. 10:91–99.

12. Ito M, Saito K, Yasuda Y, Sukegawa G, Kubo Y, Numao N, et al. Prognostic impact of C-reactive protein for determining overall survival of patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with docetaxel. Urology. 2011. 78:1131–1135.

13. Beer TM, Lalani AS, Lee S, Mori M, Eilers KM, Curd JG, et al. C-reactive protein as a prognostic marker for men with androgen-independent prostate cancer: results from the ASCENT trial. Cancer. 2008. 112:2377–2383.

14. Latif Z, McMillan DC, Wallace AM, Sattar N, Mir K, Jones G, et al. The relationship of circulating insulin-like growth factor 1, its binding protein-3, prostate-specific antigen and C-reactive protein with disease stage in prostate cancer. BJU Int. 2002. 89:396–399.