Pediatr Infect Vaccine.  2015 Dec;22(3):172-177. 10.14776/piv.2015.22.3.172.

Evaluation of Timeliness of Palivizumab Immunoprophylaxis Based on the Epidemic Period of Respiratory Syncytial Virus: 22 Year Experience in a Single Center

• Kim SY
• Lee KE
• Kang SY
• Choi EH
• Lee HJ

• KMID: 2315682
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.14776/piv.2015.22.3.172

Abstract

PURPOSE
This study aimed to analyze the epidemic period of RSV infection and evaluate the appropriate time of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis.
METHODS
From January 1991 to July 2012, nasopharyngeal (NP) aspirates were obtained from patients who visited Seoul National University Children's Hospital for respiratory symptoms. NP samples were used to detect respiratory viruses. Among them, we analyzed the positive number and detection rate of RSV infection in two-week interval. The beginning of RSV season was defined when RSV positive number was more than 4 and RSV detection rate was over 10%. From January 2007 to March 2014, we analyzed the starting time of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis for the infants at high risk.
RESULTS
The RSV detection rate was 2,013/21,698 (9.69%) over 22 years. The median RSV season was from 2nd-3rd week of October to 1st- 2nd week of February. The earliest starting week was the 3rd week of July in year 2001, and the latest end week was the 3rd week of May in year 1990. Palivizumab immunoprophylaxis was initiated most frequently at the 3rd week of October (18.7%). However, the percentage of starting palivizumab on the 1st week of September has increased from 3.8% in the year 2007 to 14.1% in 2013.
CONCLUSIONS
The year to year variability of RSV season exists. The starting time of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis should be adjusted based on the season of RSV epidemic.

Keyword

Respiratory syncytial virus; Epidemiology; RSV season; Palivizumab immunoprophylaxis

MeSH Terms

Epidemiology
Humans
Infant
Respiratory Syncytial Viruses*
Seasons
Seoul
Palivizumab

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1. The positive number and detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus infection, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, 1990-2003 (A), 2003-2011 (B).

• 

  Fig. 2. RSV season at the Seoul National University Children's Hospital for 22 years from 1991 to 2012 (Each bar represents the beginning and the end of RSV epidemic each year).

• 

  Fig. 3. The starting time of palivizumab immunoprophylaxis in Seoul National University Children's Hospital (∗Percentage indicates the proportion of the number of palivizumab initiation each year).

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