Korean J Urol.  2012 Aug;53(8):541-546.

Analysis of the Risk Factors for Overactive Bladder on the Basis of a Survey in the Community

• Jo JK
• Lee S
• Kim YT
• Choi HY
• Kim SA
• Choi BY
• Moon HS

Abstract

PURPOSE
To evaluate the risk factors for overactive bladder (OAB) in a population aged 40 years and over in the community.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We conducted a community-based survey of OAB in a population aged 40 years and over in Guri City and Yangpyeong County, South Korea, by use of the overactive bladder symptom score (OABSS) questionnaire. A total of 926 subjects were included in the final analysis. The definition of OAB was more than 2 points for the urgency score and 3 points for the sum of scores. In addition, the subjects were asked about age, dwelling place, marital status, educational status, behavioral factors (smoking, drinking, etc), and medical history. Categorical variables were analyzed by using the logistic regression model and were adjusted for age by using the logistic regression model.
RESULTS
Overall OAB prevalence was 14.1% (130/926), made up of 49/403 males (12.2%) and 81/523 females (15.5%). OAB prevalence increased with age (p<0.0001). Risk factors for OAB were educational status (age-adjusted p=0.0487), stroke (p=0.0414), osteoporosis (p=0.0208), asthma (p=0.0091), rhinitis (p=0.0008), and cataract. Other factors (dwelling place, marital status, smoking, drinking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, angina, tuberculosis, atopic dermatitis, hepatitis B, and depression) were not associated with OAB.
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of OAB in our study was about 14.1% and the risk factors for OAB were educational status, stroke, osteoporosis, asthma, rhinitis, and cataract. Knowledge of these risk factors may help in the diagnosis and treatment of OAB.

Keyword

Overactive bladder; Risk factors

MeSH Terms

Aged
Asthma
Cataract
Dermatitis, Atopic
Drinking
Educational Status
Female
Hepatitis B
Humans
Hyperlipidemias
Hypertension
Hypogonadism
Logistic Models
Male
Marital Status
Mitochondrial Diseases
Myocardial Infarction
Ophthalmoplegia
Osteoporosis
Prevalence
Republic of Korea
Rhinitis
Risk Factors
Smoke
Smoking
Stroke
Tuberculosis
Urinary Bladder, Overactive
Hypogonadism
Mitochondrial Diseases
Ophthalmoplegia
Smoke

Figure

• 

  FIG. 1 Flow diagram of the study.

Reference

1. Wang Y, Xu K, Hu H, Zhang X, Wang X, Na Y, et al. Prevalence, risk factors, and impact on health related quality of life of overactive bladder in China. Neurourol Urodyn. 2011. 30:1448–1455.

2. Stewart WF, Van Rooyen JB, Cundiff GW, Abrams P, Herzog AR, Corey R, et al. Prevalence and burden of overactive bladder in the United States. World J Urol. 2003. 20:327–336.

3. Ikeda Y, Nakagawa H, Ohmori-Matsuda K, Hozawa A, Masamune Y, Nishino Y, et al. Risk factors for overactive bladder in the elderly population: a community-based study with face-to-face interview. Int J Urol. 2011. 18:212–218.

4. Ueda T, Tamaki M, Kageyama S, Yoshimura N, Yoshida O. Urinary incontinence among community-dwelling people aged 40 years or older in Japan: prevalence, risk factors, knowledge and self-perception. Int J Urol. 2000. 7:95–103.

5. Grimby A, Milsom I, Molander U, Wiklund I, Ekelund P. The influence of urinary incontinence on the quality of life of elderly women. Age Ageing. 1993. 22:82–89.

6. Diokno AC, Brock BM, Brown MB, Herzog AR. Prevalence of urinary incontinence and other urological symptoms in the noninstitutionalized elderly. J Urol. 1986. 136:1022–1025.

7. Irwin DE, Milsom I, Hunskaar S, Reilly K, Kopp Z, Herschorn S, et al. Population-based survey of urinary incontinence, overactive bladder, and other lower urinary tract symptoms in five countries: results of the EPIC study. Eur Urol. 2006. 50:1306–1314.

8. Irwin DE, Milsom I, Kopp Z, Abrams P. EPIC Study Group. Symptom bother and health care-seeking behavior among individuals with overactive bladder. Eur Urol. 2008. 53:1029–1037.

9. Irwin DE, Milsom I, Kopp Z, Abrams P, Cardozo L. Impact of overactive bladder symptoms on employment, social interactions and emotional well-being in six European countries. BJU Int. 2006. 97:96–100.

10. Milsom I, Abrams P, Cardozo L, Roberts RG, Thuroff J, Wein AJ. How widespread are the symptoms of an overactive bladder and how are they managed? A population-based prevalence study. BJU Int. 2001. 87:760–766.

11. Homma Y, Yamaguchi O, Hayashi K. Neurogenic Bladder Society Committee. An epidemiological survey of overactive bladder symptoms in Japan. BJU Int. 2005. 96:1314–1318.

12. Homma Y, Yamaguchi O, Hayashi K. Neurogenic Bladder Society Committee. Epidemiologic survey of lower urinary tract symptoms in Japan. Urology. 2006. 68:560–564.

13. Homma Y, Yoshida M, Seki N, Yokoyama O, Kakizaki H, Gotoh M, et al. Symptom assessment tool for overactive bladder syndrome: overactive bladder symptom score. Urology. 2006. 68:318–323.

14. Yu HJ, Liu CY, Lee KL, Lee WC, Chen TH. Overactive bladder syndrome among community-dwelling adults in Taiwan: prevalence, correlates, perception, and treatment seeking. Urol Int. 2006. 77:327–333.

15. Zhang W, Song Y, He X, Huang H, Xu B, Song J. Prevalence and risk factors of overactive bladder syndrome in Fuzhou Chinese women. Neurourol Urodyn. 2006. 25:717–721.

16. Lee YS, Lee KS, Jung JH, Han DH, Oh SJ, Seo JT, et al. Prevalence of overactive bladder, urinary incontinence, and lower urinary tract symptoms: results of Korean EPIC study. World J Urol. 2011. 29:185–190.

17. Goldstein LB, Adams R, Alberts MJ, Appel LJ, Brass LM, Bushnell CD, et al. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council: cosponsored by the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease Interdisciplinary Working Group; Cardiovascular Nursing Council; Clinical Cardiology Council; Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism Council; and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation. 2006. 113:e873–e923.

18. Dallosso HM, Matthews RJ, McGrother CW, Donaldson MM, Shaw C. Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study Group. The association of diet and other lifestyle factors with the onset of overactive bladder: a longitudinal study in men. Public Health Nutr. 2004. 7:885–891.

19. Dallosso HM, McGrother CW, Matthews RJ, Donaldson MM. Leicestershire MRC Incontinence Study Group. The association of diet and other lifestyle factors with overactive bladder and stress incontinence: a longitudinal study in women. BJU Int. 2003. 92:69–77.