Korean J Urol.  2011 May;52(5):340-344.

Interleukin-1beta, Calcium-Sensing Receptor, and Urokinase Gene Polymorphisms in Korean Patients with Urolithiasis

• Kim JY
• Kim YS
• Jang IH
• Jung JD
• Kim TH
• Kim HR

Abstract

PURPOSE
There are various causes of ureter calculi, and genetic factors are known to play a role. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) genes are related to hypercalciuria, and urokinase is related to the formation of calcium oxalate stones. This study investigated polymorphisms in IL-1beta, CaSR, and urokinase in patients with urolithiasis and healthy controls.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Urolithiasis patients treated at Chung-Ang University Hospital were enrolled from January 2007 to December 2008. The control group of volunteers displayed normal urinalysis findings in the health screening, no stones identified by ultrasonography, and no history of urolithiasis. DNA extracted from peripheral blood was analyzed by the polymerase chain reaction. Patients were genetically screened for mutations in IL-1beta (484 urolithiasis patients, 208 controls), CaSR (433 urolithiasis patients, 197 controls), and urokinase (370 urolithiasis patients, 167 controls). Stone metabolic study was done to see the differences between the metabolic factors and to discern normal genes from polymorphic genes.
RESULTS
According to the genotype frequency and allele frequency analysis, there were no statistically significant differences between IL-1beta, CaSR, and urokinase genes. Also, the analysis between genotypes and metabolic factors did not show statistically significant differences between the three genes.
CONCLUSIONS
In Korean urolithiasis patients, IL-1beta, CaSR, and urokinase gene polymorphisms do not differ from those of healthy individuals. A larger-scale study is needed to confirm the need for other genetic markers of urolithiasis.

Keyword

Calcium sensing receptor; Genetic polymorphism; Interleukin-1beta; Urokinase; Urolithiasis

MeSH Terms

Calcium Oxalate
Calculi
DNA
Gene Frequency
Genetic Markers
Genotype
Humans
Hypercalciuria
Interleukin-1beta
Mass Screening
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymorphism, Genetic
Receptors, Calcium-Sensing
Ureter
Urinalysis
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator
Urolithiasis
Calcium Oxalate
DNA
Genetic Markers
Interleukin-1beta
Receptors, Calcium-Sensing
Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator

Figure

• 

  FIG. 1 Representative agarose gel electrophoresis illustrating the restriction fragment length polymorphism products for the polymorphisms of the three examined genes. IL-1β: T allele cut generated 155-bp fragments and the C allele cut generated 88- and 67-bp fragments. CaSR: T allele cut generated 218-bp fragments and the t allele cut generated 198-bp fragments. Urokinase: T allele cut generated 185-bp fragments and the C allele cut generated 210-bp fragments.

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