Nutr Res Pract.  2011 Feb;5(1):3-10.

Vitamins and minerals for women: recent programs and intervention trials

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seoul 133-791, Korea. tgreiner@hanyang.ac.kr

Abstract

Women's nutrition has received little attention in nutrition programming, even though clinical trials and intervention trials have suggested that dietary improvement or supplementation with several nutrients may improve their health, especially in low-income settings, the main focus of this paper. Most attention so far has focused on how improvements in maternal nutrition can improve health outcomes for infants and young children. Adequate vitamin D and calcium nutrition throughout life may reduce the risk of osteoporosis, and calcium supplementation during pregnancy may reduce preeclampsia and low birth weight. To reduce neural tube defects, additional folic acid and possibly vitamin B12 need to be provided to non-deficient women before they know they are pregnant. This is best achieved by fortifying a staple food. It is unclear whether maternal vitamin A supplementation will lead to improved health outcomes for mother or child. Iron, iodine and zinc supplementation are widely needed for deficient women. Multimicronutrient supplementation (MMS) in place of the more common iron-folate supplements given in pregnancy in low-income countries may slightly increase birth weight, but its impact on neonatal mortality and other outcomes is unclear. More sustainable alternative approaches deserve greater research attention.

Keyword

Maternal nutrition; multimicronutrient supplementation; vitamins; minerals; low birth weight

MeSH Terms

Birth Weight
Calcium
Child
Female
Folic Acid
Humans
Hypogonadism
Infant
Infant Mortality
Infant, Low Birth Weight
Infant, Newborn
Iodine
Iron
Minerals
Mitochondrial Diseases
Mothers
Neural Tube Defects
Ophthalmoplegia
Osteoporosis
Pre-Eclampsia
Pregnancy
Vitamin A
Vitamin B 12
Vitamin D
Vitamins
Zinc
Calcium
Folic Acid
Hypogonadism
Iodine
Iron
Minerals
Mitochondrial Diseases
Ophthalmoplegia
Vitamin A
Vitamin B 12
Vitamin D
Vitamins
Zinc

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