Two-Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Stand-alone Cages in Cervical Spinal Degenerative Diseases

Lee, Ho Bum; Lee, Sang Gu; Park, Chan Woo; Yoo, Chan Jong; Kim, Seok Min; Kim, Woo Kyung

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion(ACDF) is a highly successful surgical treatment for nerve root or spinal cord compression caused by disc herniation or spondylosis. Multilevel cervical discectomy usually requires plate and screw fixation for adequate bony fusion and stability. But the use of plate and screw fixation may cause some post-operative complications. So in this study we evaluate the safety and effectiveness of two-level ACDF with carbon or polyetheretherketone(PEEK) cages without cervical plate in cervical degenerative disc disease.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed 18 patients who underwent two-level ACDF with carbon or PEEK cages from February 2002 to August 2008. The mean follow-up period was 31months. Clinical, radiologic and surgical morbidities were assessed in all cases. Outcome assessment was done using Odom's criteria and visual analogue scale(VAS) score. Radiological assessment was done with bony fusion rate, linear measure of cervical lordosis, cervical lordotic angle and cage subsidence.
RESULTS
Radiculopathy was improved in all cases(100%) after surgery, whereas myelopathy was resolved in three of five patients(60%). Radiographic evidence of fusion was found in all patients(100%) at last follow-up. Preoperative mean VAS score was 8.1 compared with a postoperative score 2.5(p<0.05). The clinical outcome was excellent or good in 16 cases(89%). There were no serious complications such as dislodgement of cages, hardware failure, infection and neurologic deterioration. Linear measure of cervical lordosis at last follow-up was increased from 2.72+/-1.12mm to 7.84+/-1.09mm. Cervical lordotic angle at last follow-up was increased from 8.9+/-2.76 degrees to 15.1+/-2.38 degrees. The mean loss of disc height was 1.40mm during the follow-up period. However development of subsidence did not influence on clinical outcomes.
CONCLUSION
ACDF in two-level stand-alone cages is a safe and effective procedure in multilevel cervical degenerative diseases. In spite of subsidence, interbody fusion with cages provides load-sharing function and stabilization of the cervical spine by increasing segmental rigidity, thus yielding excellent fusion rates and less graft failure, even in two- level cervical diseases.