Korean J Physiol Pharmacol.  2009 Feb;13(1):23-26. 10.4196/kjpp.2009.13.1.23.

The Effect of Extracellular Glutamate Release on Repetitive Transient Ischemic Injury in Global Ischemia Model

• Lee GJ
• Choi SK
• Eo YH
• Kang SW
• Choi S
• Park JH
• Lim JE
• Hong KW
• Jin HS
• Oh BS
• Park HK

• KMID: 2285367
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4196/kjpp.2009.13.1.23

Abstract

During operations, neurosurgeons usually perform multiple temporary occlusions of parental artery, possibly resulting in the neuronal damage. It is generally thought that neuronal damage by cerebral ischemia is associated with extracellular concentrations of the excitatory amino acids. In this study, we measured the dynamics of extracellular glutamate release in 11 vessel occlusion (VO) model to compare between single occlusion and repeated transient occlusions within short interval. Changes in cerebral blood flow were monitored by laser-Doppler flowmetry simultaneously with cortical glutamate level measured by amperometric biosensor. From real time monitoring of glutamate release in 11 VO model, the change of extracellular glutamate level in repeated transient occlusion group was smaller than that of single occlusion group, and the onset time of glutamate release in the second ischemic episode of repeated occlusion group was delayed compared to the first ischemic episode which was similar to that of single 10 min ischemic episode. These results suggested that repeated transient occlusion induces less glutamate release from neuronal cell than single occlusion, and the delayed onset time of glutamate release is attributed to endogeneous protective mechanism of ischemic tolerance.

Keyword

Repeated transient occlusion; Real time monitoring; Extracellular glutamate release

MeSH Terms

Arteries
Biosensing Techniques
Brain Ischemia
Excitatory Amino Acids
Glutamic Acid
Glycosaminoglycans
Humans
Ischemia
Laser-Doppler Flowmetry
Neurons
Parents
Excitatory Amino Acids
Glutamic Acid
Glycosaminoglycans

Figure

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  Fig. 1. Vascular anatomy of the neck dissection at left side. A, occipital artery; B, ascending pharyngeal artery; C, superior thyroid artery; D, pterygopalatine artery; ECA, external carotid artery; CCA, common carotid artery; ICA, internal carotid artery.

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  Fig. 2. Real-time measurement of glutamate release and CBF during single 10 min ischemic episode.

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  Fig. 3. Real-time measurement of glutamate release and CBF during repeated 5 min transient ischemic episode.

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