Diabetes Metab J.  2011 Feb;35(1):8-11. 10.4093/dmj.2011.35.1.8.

New Perspectives on Diabetic Vascular Complications: The Loss of Endogenous Protective Factors Induced by Hyperglycemia

• Jeong IK
• King GL

• KMID: 2281486
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2011.35.1.8

Abstract

Diabetic vascular complications are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. In the past, many studies have focused on the mechanisms of hyperglycemia-induced chronic vascular complications via the formation of toxic metabolites such as oxidative stress, advanced glycosylated end products, persistent activation of protein kinase C, and increased sorbitol concentrations. However, vascular complications result from imbalances caused by increases in systemic toxic metabolites, such as those that occur under conditions of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, and by reductions in endogenous protective factors such as insulin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet derived growth factor. This review outlines some of the evidence supporting the importance of enhancing endogenous regenerative factors.

Keyword

Diabetic vascular complication; Hyperglycemia; Platelet derived growth factor; Vascular endothelial growth factor

MeSH Terms

Diabetic Angiopathies
Dyslipidemias
Humans
Hyperglycemia
Insulin
Oxidative Stress
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
Protein Kinase C
Sorbitol
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
Insulin
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor
Protein Kinase C
Sorbitol
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Diabetes induces an imbalance between toxic and protective factors to cause complications. FFA, free fatty acid; AGE, advanced glycosylated end product; ROS, reactive oxygen species; PKC, protein kinase C; PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor; APC, activated protein C.

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