Korean J Orthod.  2008 Dec;38(6):376-387. 10.4041/kjod.2008.38.6.376.

Three dimensional analysis of tooth movement using different types of maxillary molar distalization appliances

• Kim SJ
• Chun YS
• Jung SH
• Park SH

• KMID: 2273969
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2008.38.6.376

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to compare the three dimensional changes of tooth movement using four different types of maxillary molar distalization appliances; pendulum appliance (PD), mini-implant supported pendulum appliance (MPD), stainless steel open coil spring (SP) and mini-implant supported stainless steel open coil spring (MSP).
METHODS
These experiments were performed using the Calorific machine? which can simulate dynamic tooth movement. Computed tomography (CT) images of the experimental model were taken before and after tooth movement in 1 mm thicknesses and reconstructed into a three dimensional model using V-works 4.0TM. These reconstructed images were superimposed using Rapidform 2004TM and the direction and amount of tooth movement were measured.
RESULTS
The mean reciprocal anchor loss ratio at the first premolar was 17 - 19% for the PD and SP groups. The appliances using mini-implants (MPD or MSP) resulted in less anchorage loss (7 - 8%). On application of a pendulum appliance or MPD, distalization was obtained by tipping rather than by bodily movement. Furthermore, the maxillary second molar tipped distally and bucally. But on application of MSP, distalization was achieved almost by bodily movement.
CONCLUSIONS
Regarding tooth movement patterns during molar distalization, stainless steel open coil spring with indirect skeletal anchorage was relatively superior to other methods.

Keyword

Molar distalization; Mini-implant; Indirect anchorage; Calorific machine

MeSH Terms

Bicuspid
Models, Theoretical
Molar
Stainless Steel
Tooth
Tooth Movement
Stainless Steel

Figure

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  Fig 1. Electric diagram of the Calorific MachineⓇ (electrothermodynamic teeth model connected to a heat generating and temperature regulating system).

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  Fig 2. Experimental set-up model. A, Experimental teeth were placed in the basal bone component. Circle shows one of the metal reference markers used for superimposition; B, sticky wax was built up around roots of the experimental teeth; C, circles were metal balls used for measuring tooth movement.

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  Fig 3. Schematic drawings of experimental models. A, Pendulum appliance, PD; B, mini-implant supported pendulum appliance, MPD; C, open-coil spring, SP; D, mini-implant supported open-coil spring, MSP.

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  Fig 4. Superimposition and measurement using Rapidform 2004TM. A, Before tooth movement; B, after tooth movement; C, sagittal view of superimposition before and after experiment. Circle shows one of the reference markers used for superimposition. X axis is the bucco-lingual direction in premolars and molars, and mesio-distal direction in incisors. Y axis is the occluso-gingival direction. Z axis is the mesio-distal direction in premolars and molars, and labiolingual direction in incisors. D, measurement of reference markers are listed in the box.

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  Fig 5. Comparisons of Z axis displacement of R-MB between four groups on molar tipping. PD, Pendulum appliance; MPD, mini-implant supported pendulum appliance; SP, open-coil spring; MSP, mini-implant supported open-coil spring.

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  Fig 6. Comparisons of Y axis displacement of DB-MB between four groups on molar tipping. PD, Pendulum appliance; MPD, mini-implant supported pendulum appliance; SP, open-coil spring; MSP, mini-implant supported open-coil spring.

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  Fig 7. Comparisons of anchor loss between four groups. PD, Pendulum appliance; MPD, mini-implant supported pendulum appliance; SP, open-coil spring; MSP, mini-implant supported open-coil spring.

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