Korean J Community Nutr.  2015 Jun;20(3):165-177. 10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.3.165.

The Development of a Nutrition Education Program for Low-income Family Children by applying the Social Cognitive Theory and Health Belief Model

• Lee SB
• Jeong YR
• Ahn HJ
• Ahn MJ
• Ryu SA
• Kang NE
• Oh SY

• KMID: 2268778
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.3.165

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Based on individual and environmental characteristics of low-income children, we developed a nutrition education program for school-aged children from low-income families according to effective use in social welfare centers.
METHODS
We conducted in-depth group interviews to assess program needs in 28 participants, 10 low-income school-aged children and 9 of their care givers, 9 social workers and 9 care-givers. Theoretical backgrounds of our program were heath belief model and social cognitive theory considering motivation, action and environment characteristics.
RESULTS
Based on the findings of this qualitative study, we developed major program themes and contents. Five selected key themes were 'balanced diet', 'processed food', 'food hygiene and safety', 'Korean healthy traditional diet', and 'family cooking' to induce changes in dietary behaviors. Main findings of in-depth group interviews included 'child's active participation', 'simple and easy to understand messages', and 'environmental constraints' such as a lack of child care at home, limited budget of social welfare centers, and less qualified educators for nutrition and health. Each lesson was constructed as a 1-hour program particularly emphasizing activity-based programs, including cooking and teamwork exercises. Program contents in each session consisted of activities that could induce outcome and value expectations, self-efficacy, perceived benefits, and barriers and cues to actions regarding diet behavior.
CONCLUSIONS
We developed a nutrition education programthat is rarely available for low-income children in Korea, considering theoretical bases. Further studies are needed to validate our program.

Keyword

low income family children; qualitative research; social cognition theory; health belief model; nutrition education program

MeSH Terms

Budgets
Caregivers
Child Care
Child*
Cooking
Cues
Diet
Education*
Exercise
Humans
Hygiene
Interviews as Topic
Korea
Motivation
Qualitative Research
Social Welfare
Social Workers

Figure

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  Fig. 1 Process of development of nutrition education program

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  Fig. 2 Development of program based on social cognitive theory and health belief model.

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