Korean J Community Nutr.  2014 Apr;19(2):187-197. 10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.187.

Nutrition Status of Elderly Female Patients in Long-term Care Hospital according to Meal Types and Eating Ability

• Ahn H
• Kang J
• Lee H

• KMID: 2267948
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.187

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
This study was carried out to determine nutritional status of elderly patients in a long-term care hospital according to meal type and eating ability.
METHODS
Subjects were 47 female patients aged over 65 (79.3 +/- 7.1 years) who resided in a long-term care hospital in Seoul. Thirty seven patients who ate diet orally were grouped according to meal type (27 general diet and 10 soft diet) and eating ability (26 eating by oneself and 11 eaten with help) and 10 were on tube feeding. Nutritional status was determined by food consumption and mid-arm circumference.
RESULTS
The mean adequacy ratios (MARs) of 12 nutrients (protein, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacin, folic acid, vitamin C) were 0.687 for general diet, 0.565 for soft diet, 0.680 for eating by oneself and 0.677 for eaten with help, which were significantly lower than 0.982 for tube feeding (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The patients on tube feeding had significantly lower % arm circumference compared to those who ate general diet (84.0% vs. 95.4%, respectively, p < 0.05). Nutrients intakes, nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) and index of nutritional quality (INQ) were not different between meal types as well as eating ability. The most insufficiently consumed nutrients by the patients on diet were folic acid, vitamin B2, and calcium (NAR 0.334~0.453, 0.515~0.539, and 0.516~0.533, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggested that regardless of meal type or eating ability, the subjects who were on diets in this study might have inadequate intake of folic acid as well as vitamin B2, and calcium, which need to be reflected on menu planning. The measurement of mid-arm circumference presented more risk of malnutrition of patients on tube feeding than those on diets, despite apparently better nutrient consumption.

Keyword

elderly; female; mid arm circumference; tube feeding; soft diet

MeSH Terms

Aged*
Arm
Calcium
Diet
Eating*
Enteral Nutrition
Female
Folic Acid
Humans
Long-Term Care*
Malnutrition
Meals*
Menu Planning
Niacin
Nutritional Status*
Nutritive Value
Phosphorus
Riboflavin
Seoul
Thiamine
Vitamin A
Vitamin B 6
Vitamins
Zinc
Calcium
Folic Acid
Niacin
Phosphorus
Riboflavin
Thiamine
Vitamin A
Vitamin B 6
Vitamins
Zinc

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