Korean J Community Nutr.  2014 Apr;19(2):176-186. 10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.176.

Association of Whole Grain Consumption with Nutrient Intakes and Metabolic Risk Factors in Generally Healthy Korean Middle-Aged Women

• Kim YJ
• Yum JH
• Lee S

• KMID: 2267947
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.2.176

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Epidemiological studies have suggested that a higher consumption of whole grain foods can significantly reduce the risk of chronic diseases including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes and obesity. The objective of the current study was to examine associations among the consumption of whole grains and nutrient intakes and biochemical indicators associated with chronic diseases among generally healthy middle-aged Korean women.
METHODS
Using 24-hour recall data from the 2008-2009 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, whole grain intake (g/day) was calculated for a total of generally healthy 1,953 subjects. The subjects were divided into three groups by the level of whole grain consumption (0 g/day, > 0 and < 20 g/day or > or = 20 g/day). Mean values or proportions of various nutrient intakes and metabolic risk factors were compared according to the level of whole grain consumption. All statistical analysis was conducted using SAS software version 9.2.
RESULTS
We observed that the overall consumption of whole grains was quite low. Specifically, 58.2% of subjects reported no whole grain consumption on the day of the survey, and the mean whole grain intake was only 15.3 g/day. The whole grain consumption was positively associated with intakes of various macro and micronutrients, namely, plant proteins and fats, dietary fiber, calcium, plant iron, potassium, zinc, vitamin A, beta-carotene, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B6 and folic acid. In addition, we found significantly decreasing trends in abdominal obesity and hypertriglyceridemia as whole grain intake levels increase.
CONCLUSIONS
The study findings suggested the importance of promoting whole grain consumption as an efficient tool for improving various dietary aspects and preventing chronic diseases.

Keyword

Whole grain; Nutrient intake; Metabolic risk factor

MeSH Terms

beta Carotene
Calcium
Cardiovascular Diseases
Edible Grain*
Chronic Disease
Dietary Fats
Female
Folic Acid
Humans
Hypertriglyceridemia
Iron
Micronutrients
Niacin
Obesity
Obesity, Abdominal
Plant Proteins
Plants
Potassium
Riboflavin
Risk Factors*
Vitamin A
Vitamin B 6
Zinc
Calcium
Dietary Fats
Folic Acid
Iron
Micronutrients
Niacin
Plant Proteins
Potassium
Riboflavin
Vitamin A
Vitamin B 6
Zinc
beta Carotene

Reference

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