Ann Dermatol.  2010 Nov;22(4):373-378. 10.5021/ad.2010.22.4.373.

What Should Be Considered in Treatment of Melasma

Affiliations
  • 1Department of Dermatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea.
  • 2Department of Dermatology, Archet-2 Hospital, Nice, France. ortonne@unice.fr

Abstract

Melasma is a common acquired hyperpigmentary skin disorder characterized by light to dark brown macules and patches occurring in the sun-exposed areas of the face. Melasma lesional skin is characterized by epidermal hyperpigmentation through increased melanogenesis in epidermal melanocytes. Some patients have dermal melanin but its amount is not significant and its distribution is very heterogeneous in the whole melasma lesional skin. Melasma is not homogeneous disease and there are personal characteristics of patients with melasma. The pathogenesis of melasma is not fully understood, but several hypotheses have been suggested. Increased vascularity in melasma lesions has suggested the role of increased number of enlarged vessels in the development of melasma. Endogeneous and exogeneous stimuli such as sex hormones and ultraviolet irradiation respectively may stimulate the microenvironment leading to the release of various mediators that cause activation of melanocytes and/or these stimuli may directly activate the melanocytes. Melasma patients may have specialized melanocytes with an intrinsic sensitivity to these stimuli.

Keyword

Melanin; Melanocytes; Melasma; Vascularity

MeSH Terms

Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Humans
Hyperpigmentation
Light
Melanins
Melanocytes
Melanosis
Skin
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Melanins

Figure

  • Fig. 1 Increased epidermal pigmentation is the hallmark of melasma. Fontana-Masson staining shows more pronounced epidermal hyperpigmentation in lesion (L) compared to perilesional normal skin (N). It is noticed there are a few melanophages in the dermis of the lesional skin.

  • Fig. 2 Vascular characteristics in melasma. Pronounced telangiectatic erythema noticed on melasma lesion. (A) Direct light, (B) red zones from polarized photo.


Cited by  1 articles

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Kiyotaka Hasegawa, Rumiko Fujiwara, Kiyoshi Sato, Jaeyoung Shin, Sang Jin Kim, Misun Kim, Hee Young Kang
Ann Dermatol. 2015;27(5):626-629.    doi: 10.5021/ad.2015.27.5.626.


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