Korean J Nutr.  2009 Apr;42(3):256-267. 10.4163/kjn.2009.42.3.256.

Nutritional Knowledge and Dietary Behavior of the 6th Grade Elementary School Students in Daejeon Area by Gender and Skipping Breakfast

• You JS
• Kim SM
• Chang KJ

• KMID: 2264725
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.3.256

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate nutritional knowledge related to breakfast and dietary behavior of elementary school students by gender and skipping breakfast. The subjects of this study were the 6th grade elementary school students (Total 237; 119 males and 118 females) in Daejeon. The group who ate breakfast six to seven times per week was 58.6%; The group who ate breakfast zero to five times per week was 41.4%. Most of subjects' families (84.4%) were 'nuclear family' and 63.8% of mothers held jobs. There was a significant difference between family income and skipping breakfast. As for the type of breakfast, 79.0% of the male students and 81.4% of female students answered 'cooked rice' and the reasons for skipping breakfast were 'no appetite' followed by 'not enough time', 'over sleeping'. In the eating breakfast group, frequency of having breakfast with family was higher compared to the skipping breakfast group. Total scores of nutritional knowledge related to breakfast in the female students were significantly higher than those of the male students. Also significant differences were found on such questions as 'the relation between eating breakfast and body weight control' and 'importance of breakfast' by skipping breakfast. The dietary behavior scores of the group who ate breakfast were higher than those of the group who skipped breakfast. Therefore, a need exists to develop and distribute a simple breakfast menu that contains Korean-style food and can be more appetizing and appealing to Korean elementary school students. Also it is necessary to develop a systemic awareness program that emphasize the importance of breakfast and the harmfulness of skipping breakfast.

Keyword

nutritional knowledge; skipping breakfast; dietary behavior; elementary school

MeSH Terms

Body Weight
Breakfast
Eating
Female
Humans
Male
Mothers

Reference

1. Trahms CM. Worthington-Roberts BS, Williams SR, editors. Nutrition in Childhood. Nutrition throughout the life cycle. 2000. Boston: McGraw-Hill;248.

2. Chung SJ, Lee Y, Kwon S. Factors associated with breakfast skipping in elementary school children in Korea. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2004. 9(1):3–11.

3. Ku PJ, Lee KA. A survey on dietary habit and nutritional knowledge for elementary school children's nutritional education. Korean J Dietary Culture. 2000. 15(3):201–213.

4. Choi MK, Lee YS. The dietary behaviors, taste preferences, and nutrient intakes of obese children consuming unbalanced diets. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life. 2008. 18(1):127–134.

5. Kang YJ, Hong CH, Hong YJ. The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity over the last 18 years in Seoul area. Korean J Nutr. 1997. 30(7):832–839.

6. Lee JB, Lee JO, Kim SW, Kang JH, Yang YJ. The prevalence and risk factors of childhood obesity in elementary students in Seoul. J Korean Acad Farm Med. 2000. 21(7):866–875.

7. Kim HY, Won BY. A Study on the oral health care and the effects of nutritional and oral health education for elementary school students. Korean J Food Cookery Sci. 2004. 20(1):1–101.

8. Affenito SG. Breakfast: A Missed Opportunity. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007. 107(4):565–569.

9. National Center for Nutrition and Dietetics. 10 tips to healthy eating and physical activity for you, A brochure for kids from 9-15 years. 1998.

10. Revision of dietary guidelines for koreans. KHIDI (Korea Health Industry Development Institute). http://nutrition.kfda.go.kr/nutrition/pinfo/nutr_info.jsp.

11. Ministry of Health and Welfare. The Third Korea National Health & Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III) 2005-Nutrition Survey. 2006.

12. Kim SH. Children's growth and school performance in relation to breakfast. J Korean Dietetic Assoc. 1999. 5(2):215–224.

13. Wolfe WS, Campbell CC. Food pattern, diet quality and related characteristics of schoolchildren in New York State. J Am Diet Assoc. 1993. 93:1280–1284.

14. Ortega RM, Requeljo RM, Lopez-Sobaler AM, Quintas ME, Andres P, Redondo M R, Navia B, Lopez-Bonilla MD, Rivas T. Difference in the breakfast habits of overweight/obese and normal weight schoolchildren. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 1998. 68(2):125–132.

15. Kim HY, Frongillo E, Han SS, Oh SY, Kim WK, Jang YA, Won HS, Lee HS, Kim SH. Academic performance of Korean children is associated with dietary behaviors and physical status. Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr. 2003. 12(2):186–192.

16. Yi BS, Yang IS. An Exploratory study for identifying factors related to breakfast in elementary, middle and high school students. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2006. 11(1):25–38.

17. Park HO, Kim EK, Chi KA, Kwak TK. Comparison of the nutrition Knowledge, food habits and life style of obese children and normal children in elementary school in Kyeong-gi province. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2000. 5(4):586–597.

18. Lee O, Chang SO, Park MJ. Comparison of nutrition knowledge, dietary Attitude and dietary habit in elementary school children with and without nutrition education. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2008. 37(11):1427–1434.

19. Boey C, Omar A, Phillips J. Correlation among academic performance, recurrent abdominal pain and other factors in year-6 urban primary-school children in Malaysia. J Paediatr Child Health. 2003. 39(5):352–357.

20. Oh YJ, Lee YM, Kim JH, Ahn HS, Kim JW, Park HR, Seo JS, Kim KW, Kwon OR, Park HK, Lee EJ, Sung HN. Interview survey of elementary school students' nutrition education and practice. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2008. 13(4):499–509.

21. Shin EK, Lee HS, Lee YK. Effect of nutrition education program in obese children and their parents (I). Korean J Community Nutrition. 2004. 9(5):566–577.

22. Choi HJ, Seo JS. Nutrient intakes and obesity-related factors of obese children and the effect of nutrition education program. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2003. 8(4):477–484.

23. Chin JH, Lee KJ, Lee YH. Effects of nutritional education on food behavior of unbalanced diet children: An Investigation of children at elementary schools in Incheon. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life. 2002. 12(1):7–14.

24. Park YH, Kim HH, Shin KH, Shin EK, Bae IS, Lee YK. A survey on practice of nutrition education and perception for implementing nutrition education by nutrition teacher in elementary schools. Korean J Nutr. 2006. 39(4):403–416.

25. Kim GM, Lee SY. The study on nutritional knowledge an dieting behavior of elementary school senior students in Incheon area. J Korean Dietetic Assoc. 2000. 6(2):97–107.

26. Kim EY, Park HH. A study on eating habit of elementary school students in higher grade. Korean J Food. Nutr. 2004. 17(4):393–404.

27. Yu OK, Park SH, Cha YS. Eating habits, eating behaviors and nutrition knowledge of higher grade elementary school students in Jeonju area. Korean J Food Culture. 2007. 22(6):665–672.

28. Park MJ, Park GS, Park WJ. A study of food habit, nutrition knowledge and health status of elementary school students in Kyung-buk. J East Asian Soc Dietary Life. 2003. 13(6):568–576.

29. Bang YM, Kim KY, Lee MS, Na BJ. A study on the related factors of skipping breakfast in elementary students. Korean Soc Health Educ Promot. 2006. 23(3):17–35.

30. Kim YH, Ju HY. Elementary schools' skipping breakfast. J Korean Acad Child Health Nurs. 2004. 10(4):488–495.

31. Choe JS, Kim YS, Park YH, Kim HR, Ok KS. Assessment of skipping breakfast among Korean children and adolescents aged 7-18 years using various alternate definitions. Korean J Community Living Science. 2008. 19(1):101–111.

32. Cho WK, Park HO, Kim SM. A study on breakfast patterns and preference of elementary school children in Incheon area. Korea J Food & Nutr. 2002. 15(1):50–57.

33. Yeoh YJ, Yoon JY, Shim JE, Chung SJ. Factors associated with skipping breakfast in Korean children: Analysis of data from the 2001 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2008. 13(1):62–68.

34. Yon MY, Han YH, Hyun TS. Dietary habits, food frequency and dietary attitudes by gender and nutrition knowledge level in upper-grade school children. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2008. 13(3):307–322.

35. Park HM. Study on the factors associated with conditions of breakfast intake in elementary school children [Dissertation]. 2005. Gyeongbuk: Yeungnam University.

36. Likert R. A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of psychology. SN;1932.

37. Siega-Riz AM, Popkin BM, Carson T. Trends in breakfast consumption for children in the United States from 1965 to 1991. Am J Clin Nutr. 1998. 67:Suppl. 748S. 756S.

38. Devaney B, Stuart E. Eating breakfast: Effects of the school breakfast program. Office of Analysis and Evaluation. 1998. USDA Food and Nutrition Service.

39. Lee KA. Effects of mothers' nutritional attitudes and knowledge on their children's obesity inducing factors. Korean J Nutr. 2004. 37(6):464–478.

40. Lee KH, Hwang KJ, Her ES. A study on body image recognition, food habits, food behaviors and nutrient intake according to the obesity index of elementary children in Changwon. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2001. 6(4):577–591.

41. Kim BR, Kim YM. A study on the food habits and the evaluation of nutrient intakes of high school students in Chuncheon. J Korean Home Econo Edu Assoc. 2005. 17(3):35–52.

42. Powell C, Grantham-McGregor S, Elston M. An evaluation of giving the Jamaican government school meal to a class of children. Hum Nutr Clin Nutr. 1983. 37:381–388.

43. Murphy JM, Pagano ME, Nachmani J, Sperling P, Kane S, Kleinman RE. The relationship of school breakfast to psychosocial and academic functioning: Cross-sectional and longitudinal observations in an inner-city school sample. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1998. 152:899–907.

44. Kleinman RE, Hall S, Green H, Korzec-Ramirez D, Patton K, Pagano ME, Murphy JM. Diet, breakfast, and academic performance in children. Ann Nutr Metab. 2002. 46:suppl 1. 24–30.

45. Lee YS, Lim HS, Ahn HS, Chang NS. Nutrition throughout the life cycle. 2003. Seoul: Kyomunsa.

46. Weinstein M. The Surprising Power of Family Meals. 2005. Seoul: Hans Media;Chapter 3-6.

47. Lee YM, Lee MJ, Kim SY. Effects of nutrition education through discretional activities in elementary school. J Korean Dietetic Assoc. 2005. 11(3):331–340.

48. Ahn HS, Kim MJ, Lee DH, Lee JH, Lee YJ, Park JK. Research for the effect of nutritional education for fatty children. Korean J Nutr. 1994. 27(1):90–99.

49. Park SJ. The effect of nutritional education program for elementary school students having an unbalanced diet. J Korean Dietetic Assoc. 2000. 6(1):17–25.

50. Won HR. Relationships among eating behavior, dietary self efficacy and nutrition knowledge according to the perceived body shape of elementary school students in Gangwon province. Korean J Community Living Science. 2008. 19(4):707–719.

51. He Q, Ding ZY, Fong DYT, Karlberg J. Risk factors of obesity in preschool children in China: a population-based case-control study. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2000. 24(11):1528–1536.