Korean J Nutr.  2009 Apr;42(3):221-233. 10.4163/kjn.2009.42.3.221.

Dietary Intake Assessment by the Number of Chronic Diseases and the Season for Elderly Living in Rural Area

• Moon HK
• Kim JE
• Kim EH

• KMID: 2264722
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2009.42.3.221

Abstract

Korea's aging population has been remarkably increased. They want to have not only extension of life expectancy but also improving quality of life. To maintain the quality of life, it is essential to have good nutrition. However, nutritional status of elderly in Korea has problems qualitatively and quantitatively. Risk factors for poor nutrition are advanced age, woman, living alone and low economic status. Another risk factor in rural area is season because seasonal changes can affect food intake of elderly. Thus this study surveyed the health status and dietary intakes of elderly by season in rural area. In this study, the elderly were grouped as group 1 {elderly who have one risk factor for chronic diseases (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes)} and group 2 (elderly who have more than 2 risk factors). Can-Pro 3.0 was used for dietary data analysis and SPSS 12.0 program was used for statistical analysis. Obesity had the highest percentage 62%, followed by hypertension 59.5%, dyslipidemia 21.5% and diabetes 11.6%. Obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were high in winter and WHR, diabetes and anemia were high in summer. Mean intakes of energy and nutrients were less than RI. Nutrients which were changed most by season were vitamin A and Vitamin C. Intakes of calcium and folic acid were less than recommended in summer. The ratio of CPF for carbohydrate was higher and fat was lower than recommended. In conclusion, the nutrient intake of Group 2 was better in quality but Group 1 was better in quantity. Nutrient intakes were poor in summer. In rural area, more careful nutritional assesment and management are needed for aged population, especially in summer.

Keyword

chronic disease risk factor; dietary intake; season; elderly in rural area

MeSH Terms

Aged
Aging
Anemia
Ascorbic Acid
Calcium
Chronic Disease
Dyslipidemias
Eating
Equidae
Female
Folic Acid
Humans
Hypertension
Korea
Life Expectancy
Nutritional Status
Obesity
Quality of Life
Risk Factors
Seasons
Statistics as Topic
Vitamin A
Ascorbic Acid
Calcium
Folic Acid
Vitamin A

Reference

1. Korea National Statistical office. Population and housing census. 2008.

2. Choe JS, Kwon SO, Paik HY. Nutritional Status and Related Factors of the Elderly in Longevity Areas-3. Relation among Self-rated Health, Health-related Behaviors, and Nutrient Intake in Rural Elderly-. Korean J Nutr. 2006. 39(3):286–298.

3. Chang YK, Chung YJ, Moon HK, Yoon JS, Park HR. Community Nutrition. 2001. Shinkwang publishing company.

4. Kim YK, Lee HO, Chung L, Choue RW. A study on the food habits, nutrient intake and the disease distribution in the elderly (Aged over 65 years)(I). Korean J Community Nutrition. 2002. 7(4):516–526.

5. WHO. World Health Statistics Report. 2001.

6. Lee YH, Choi KS, Kang IO, Kim HJ. Determinants of Self-Rated Health Among the Korean Elderly Living in the Community. J Korea Gerontol Soc. 1998. 18(2):110–124.

7. Park MY, Lee KH, Yoon HS. Nutrition Status of the Rural Elderly Living in Kyungnam-Focusing on Health-Related Habits, Dietary Behaviors and Nutrient Intakes-. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2001. 6:3S. 527–541.

8. White JV, Ham RJ, Lipschitz DA, Dwyer JT, Wellman NS. Consensus of the nutrition screening initiative: risk factors and indicators of poor nutrition status in older Americans. J Am Diet Assoc. 1991. 91(3):783–789.

9. Choi JH, Kim MH, Cho MS, Lee HS, Kim WY. The nutritional status and dietary pattern by BMI in Korean elderly. Korean J Nutr. 2002. 35(4):480–488.

10. Davis MA, Murphy SP, Neuhans JM, Lein D. Living arrangements and dietary quality of older U.S. adults. J Am Diet Assoc. 1990. 90(12):1667–1672.

11. Darnton-Hill I. Psychological aspects of nutrition and aging. Nutr Rev. 1992. 50(12):476–479.

12. Shim JE, Paik HY, Lee SY, Moon HK, Kim YO. Comparative analysis and evaluation of dietary intake of Koreans by age groups: (4) the korean diet quality index. Korean J Nutr. 2002. 35(4):558–570.

13. Yang EJ, Bang HM. Nutritional Status and Health Risks of Low Income Elderly Women in Gwangju Area. Korean J Nutr. 2008. 41(1):65–76.

14. Ministry of Health & Wealth. The Third Korea National and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III)-Nutrition survey (1). 2006.

15. Ministry of Health & Wealth. The Third Korea National and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III)-Nutrition survey (2). 2006.

16. Kwon ES, Ahn YJ, Shim JE, Paik HY, Park C, Kim KC, Ju YS, Kim KH. Within-and Between-Individual Variation in Nutrient Intakes with Day of the Week and Season in Korean Adults. Korean J Nutr. 2004. 37(10):917–927.

17. Choe JS, Paik HY, Kwon SO. Nutritional Status and Related Factors of Residents Aged Over 50 in Longevity Areas -1. Anthropometric and Biochemical Nutritional Status-. Korean J Nutr. 2004. 37(9):825–837.

18. Choi YS, Lim YJ. Seasonal Nutrient Intakes of Elderly Women Living Alone as Compared to Those Living with Family in the Gyeongbuk Rural Area. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2007. 12(1):58–67.

19. Kim YI. A survey on the living status and needs of the rural elderly Emphasis on Jeollabuk-do. J Welfare Aged. 2004. 23:203–229.

20. Choi SS, Han HK, Kim MW, Lee SD. Food Habits and Nutritional Status of the Long-Lived Elderly People in Ganghwa-gun Area. Korean J Community Nutrition. 2005. 10(1):101–110.

21. The Korean Nutrition Society. Dietary reference intakes for Koreans. 2005. Seoul:

22. Lee JW, Lee MS, Kim JH, Son SM, Yi BS. Nutritional Assessment. 2007. Kyomunsa;68–265.

23. Chang YK, Chung YJ, Moon HK, Yoon JS, Park HR. Nutritional Assessment. 2008. Shinkwang publishing co.;52–106.

24. Choe JS, Baeg HY. Seasonal Variation of Nutritional Intake and Quality in Adults in Longevity Areas. J Korea Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2004. 33(4):668–678.

25. Kwon IS, Gwag EH, Lee SL, Yun JS, Lee HS, Kwon JS. Macronutrient, Mineral and Vitamin Intakes in Elderly People in Rural Area of North Kyungpook Province in South Korea. Korean J Nutr. 2003. 36(10):1052–1060.

26. Park MY, Kim GR, Lee DJ, Kim JM, Park PS. A Survey of Food and Nutrient Intakes of the Aged People in Rural Area, Gyeongbuk Yecheon. Korean J Nutr. 2006. 39(1):58–73.

27. Kim KM, Kwon JS. Nutritional and Health Status of the Elderly Living in Songnam-2. Dietary Habits and Nutrient Intakes-. Korean J Food & Nutr. 2004. 17(4):420–428.

28. Lee SY, Ju DL, Paik HY, Shin CS, Lee HK. Assessment of Dietary Intake Obtained by 24-hour Recall Method in Adults Living in Yeonchon Area (1): Assessment Based on Nutrient Intake. Korean J Nutr. 1998. 31(3):333–342.

29. Lee SY, Ju DL, Paik HY, Shin CS, Lee HK. Assessment of Dietary Intake Obtained by 24-hour Recall Method in Adults Living in Yeonchon Area (2): Assessment Based on Food Group Intake. Korean J Nutr. 1998. 31(3):343–353.

30. Baek JW, Koo BK, Kim KJ, Lee YK, Lee SK, Lee HS. Seasonal Food Intake Status of the Long-lived Elderly People in Kyungpook Sung-Ju. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr. 2000. 29(4):691–700.

31. Drewnowski A, Evans W. Nutrition, physical activity, and quality of life in older adults. Sum J Gerontol. 2001. 56(A):S. 89–94.

32. Lee SY. Assessment of dietary intake and diet quality obtained by 24-hour recall method in Korean adults living in rural area [a doctoral dissertation]. 1997. Seoul: Seoul National University.

33. Kant AK, Schatzkin A, Block G, Ziegler GG, Nestle M. Food group intake patterns and associated nutrient profiles of the US population. J Am Diet Assoc. 1991. 91:1532–1537.

34. Ministry of Health & Wealth. Report on 2002 National Nutrition Survey by Season (I). 2002.

34. Ministry of Health & Wealth. Report on 2002 National Nutrition Survey by Season (II). 2007.

34. Ministry of Health & Wealth. The Third Korea National and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III)-Deep analysis: section of Nutrition. 2007.

34. Ministry of Health & Wealth. The Third Korea National and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III)-Deep analysis: section of medical examination. 2007.

38. Yang IS. Foodservice Programs for the Elderly: Issues and Trends. Korean J Community Nutrition. 1999. 4(2):18–49.