Korean J Community Nutr.  2011 Feb;16(1):37-50. 10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.1.37.

Nutritional Status and Eating Behavior of Lactating Women in Daejeon

• Kim J
• Park MS
• Lee JW

• KMID: 2263804
• DOI: http://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.1.37

Abstract

Nutrients intake status of 73 lactating women, that is 45 breast feeding (BF), 13 formula feeding (FF) and 15 mixed feeding (MF), living in Daejeon was investigated. Self-recorded food intakes for two weekdays and eating behaviors using questionnaires were surveyed from May to August 2008. Subjects aged 29.2 +/- 3.4 years and their infants aged 8.2 +/- 3.2 months. Body mass index of the subjects was 21.0 +/- 3.2. Of the subjects 23.3% were employed. Daily energy intake was 1953 +/- 391 kcal. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) was 0.77 +/- 0.14 and was higher in FF (0.86 +/- 0.13) than in BF (0.76 +/- 0.11) and MF (0.72 +/- 0.18). Nutrients that over 50% of the subjects took less than estimated average requirement were vitamin A, riboflavin, folate, vitamin C and calcium. And index of nutritional qualities of those 5 nutrients were below one Forty six and sixths percent (46.6%) of the subjects showed GMFVD = 11111 pattern of five food group intakes and 57.5% took meals three times daily, 56.2% skipped often breakfast, and 64.4% dined out two times and more per week. Subjects having lower MAR (< 0.72, n = 24), compared with those having higher MAR (> or = 0.83, n = 24), showed more skipping daily meals and less frequency of eating-out, and took less legumes, vegetables, fishes, and milk. As the results, intakes of calcium, vitamin A, riboflavin, folate, and vitamin C were insufficient in lactating women, especially in BF and MF mothers. Meal skipping and low intakes of dairy foods, legumes, vegetables, and fishes might have adverse influences on nutritional status of lactating women. Accordingly, nutrition care program for lactating women should be focused on intake of three meals daily and a variety of food.

Keyword

breast feeding; formula feeding; mixed feeding; nutritional status; eating behaviors

MeSH Terms

Aged
Ascorbic Acid
Body Mass Index
Breakfast
Breast Feeding
Calcium
Eating
Energy Intake
Fabaceae
Feeding Behavior
Female
Fishes
Folic Acid
Humans
Infant
Meals
Milk
Mothers
Nutritional Status
Surveys and Questionnaires
Riboflavin
Vegetables
Vitamin A
Ascorbic Acid
Calcium
Folic Acid
Riboflavin
Vitamin A

Figure

• 

  Fig. 1 Percentage distribution of energy and some nutrient daily intakes into three meals, snack, and dietary supplements. Breast: breast feeding Formula: formula feeding Mixed: mixed feeding B: breakfast L: lunch D: dinner S: snack DS: dietary supplements

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  Fig. 2 Mean adequacy ratios(MAR) of the subjects. p = 0.014 by ANOVA, and MAR with alphabet 'b' was higher than those with 'a' at p < 0.05 by LSD

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